{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:46:22Z","timestamp":1792129582676,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n \n Purpose<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n To investigate if elite endurance athletes periodized their body mass (BM) and composition from preparation (T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n ) to specific preparation period (T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) and if changes in BM and body\u00a0composition were associated with improved endurance performance.\n \n Methods<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Fifty-two elite endurance athletes participated in this study. Thirteen cross-country skiers, 7 biathletes, and 3 Nordic Combined athletes formed a group of skiers (16 men and 7 women), and 5 endurance runners, 22 orienteers, and 2 triathletes formed a group of runners (17 men and 12 women). Anthropometric (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and performance (sport-specific incremental treadmill test) measurements were completed in T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n and T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n .\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n No changes in BM or body\u00a0composition were detected from T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n to T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n except for\u00a0lean mass (LM), which increased in only runners (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.03). Peak running speed (V\n peak<\/jats:sub>\n ;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) and relative peak oxygen uptake (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.04) increased from T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n to T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n regardless of the sport or sex. Decreased body fat mass and percentage were associated with increased V\n peak<\/jats:sub>\n (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u2212.41,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.002;\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u2212.45,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) and relative peak oxygen uptake (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u2212.31,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.03;\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u2212.32,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.02). Changes in LM were positively associated with changes in V\n peak<\/jats:sub>\n in female skiers (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.80,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.03), while almost all the female runners increased both LM and V\n peak<\/jats:sub>\n .\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Elite endurance athletes did not systematically periodize their BM from T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n to T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n . Decreases in body fat mass and percentage may be beneficial for endurance performance. Since increases in LM were associated with improved endurance performance in female athletes, body-composition manipulations should not lead to a decrease in LM.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T18:25:31Z","timestamp":1758133531000},"page":"1530-1537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Associations Between Body Composition and Performance in Elite Endurance Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8185-4942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oona","family":"Kettunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vuokatti Sports Technology Unit, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Vuokatti, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jussi","family":"Mikkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport KIHU, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9428-4689","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johanna K.","family":"Ihalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vuokatti Sports Technology Unit, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Vuokatti, Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport KIHU, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"r1","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2165\/11597140-000000000-00000","article-title":"Current status of body composition assessment in sport","volume":"42","author":"Ackland TR","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ackland TR, Lohman TG, Sundgot-Borgen J, et\u00a0al. 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