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GE was calculated from power output and respiratory data, while kinematic variables were obtained using 3D kinematics. The roller-ski-skating race simulation consisted of 3 virtual laps, with each lap (virtual distance: 3.4\u00a0km) including flat (2%), uphill (5%, 7%, and 12%), and simulated downhill sections. The race concluded with a final section of 1000\u00a0m on a 7% incline. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> GE declined by 0.6% points throughout the race (before: 15.6% [1.0%]; after: 15.0% [1.0%]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The drop in GE coincided with an increase in cycle rate, larger ski edging and orientation angles, and a decline in push-off velocity and ski and pole ground-contact times (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). None of the changes in kinematic variables were associated with the change in GE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> GE in skating cross-country skiing deteriorates following a simulated roller-ski-skating race on undulating terrain. Although kinematic variables changed, no significant association with the change in GE was found.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T02:08:29Z","timestamp":1749002909000},"page":"1026-1033","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decline in Efficiency and Changes in Technique Following a Simulated Cross-Country Skiing Race"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9094-992X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heleen","family":"Docter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4239-4564","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pim","family":"Scheiberlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4362-0384","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Danielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9014-5152","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Sandbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5596-0282","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jos J.","family":"de Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1630-4696","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dionne A.","family":"Noordhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.143834","article-title":"Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions","volume":"586","author":"Joyner MJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Joyner MJ, Coyle EF. 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