{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:49:19Z","timestamp":1789156159916,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"\n \n Purpose<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Breathing practices are increasingly adopted by athletes due to the potential benefits for recovery, performance, and well-being. Slow-paced breathing is believed to increase cardiac vagal activity and relaxation, potentially supporting adaptive processes. Sprint interval training, by contrast, elicits a strong stress response. Therefore, we hypothesized that adding slow-paced breathing to highly demanding sprint interval training would enhance recovery, as indicated by cardiac autonomic control and sleep metrics, ultimately contributing to greater performance gains.\n \n Methods<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Thirty-four participants were randomized into an intervention or control group. While both groups completed 4\u00a0weeks of supervised sprint interval training, only the intervention group practiced slow-paced breathing after each training and every evening before bedtime. Running performance, vagally mediated heart-rate variability (root mean square of successive differences), and sleep metrics were assessed throughout the intervention to evaluate the potential benefits of the breathing exercise.\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Sprint interval training led to significant improvements in maximal power decrements (\u20138.26%, 95% CI, \u201311.48 to \u20135.04,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) and overall work (8.84\u00a0kJ\/kg, 95% CI, 4.58 to 13.1,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001), but performance gains did not differ between groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u2009.05). Unexpectedly, nocturnal heart rate showed a slight increase over time in the intervention group (+3.1\u00a0beats\u00b7min\n \u20131<\/jats:sup>\n , 95% CI, 0.47 to 5.72,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05) compared with the control group.\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Despite positive effects reported in other training and performance contexts, 4\u00a0weeks of daily slow-paced breathing did not confer additional performance improvements or physiological benefits when combined with sprint interval training. These findings suggest that 10-minute sessions of slow-paced breathing following highly demanding sprint interval training offer limited value for enhancing performance or supporting recovery.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2025-0138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T16:50:59Z","timestamp":1768236659000},"page":"302-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["No Evidence for the Efficacy of Slow-Paced Breathing as a Recovery Strategy After Sprint Interval Training"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1850-734X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter","family":"Raidl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Human Movement Science, Center for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (VDS PhaNuSpo), Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9061-7914","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barbara","family":"Wessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Human Movement Science, Center for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (VDS PhaNuSpo), Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9788-1913","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simon","family":"Laister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Human Movement Science, Center for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3571-2799","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Csapo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Human Movement Science, Center for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09758-1","article-title":"Endocrine responses of the stress system to different types of exercise","volume":"10","author":"Athanasiou N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Athanasiou N, Bogdanis GC, Mastorakos G. 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