{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T22:44:39Z","timestamp":1788821079250,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"\n \n Purpose<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Although both unresisted sprint training (UST) and resisted sprint training (RST) are widely used in rugby and other team sports, evidence comparing their specific effects on neuromuscular adaptations and strength-related measures is still limited. This study aimed to analyze the effects of two sprint training programs\u2014UST and RST, using 50% of body mass\u2014on secondary outcome measures and force\u2013time characteristics obtained from the squat one-repetition maximum (squat 1RM-strength), associated strength deficits (SDef from 40% to 90% 1RM), isometric squat, Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE), and jump performance in youth rugby players.\n \n Methods<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Thirty-five under-19 male rugby players (age: 17.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u00a0y) volunteered to participate in the study. Players completed the following assessments: (1)\u00a0UST during a 30-m sprint; (2)\u00a0isometric squat and squat 1RM-strength; and (3)\u00a0hamstring eccentric strength via the NHE and countermovement jump tests.\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Only the UST group showed moderate improvements in 30-m sprint speed (ES\u2009=\u2009\u22120.77, 95% CI, \u22121.43 to 0.07,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05). In the isometric squat, both groups demonstrated small-to-moderate increases in force at 200 milliseconds (ES\u2009=\u2009\u22120.83 to \u22120.64,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05). In the NHE, the RST group showed large increases in torque and average force across both legs (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001, ES\u2009=\u2009\u22121.73 to \u22121.28). Similarly, in the UST group, large increases were observed in NHE average force across both legs (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u2264\u2009.008, ES\u2009=\u2009\u22120.99 to \u22120.92), while NHE impulse was moderately reduced only in the right leg (ES\u2009=\u20090.71, 95% CI, 0.06 to 1.33,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.031).\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Our findings indicate that both UST and RST can be effectively implemented during short in-season periods to maintain sprint performance and strength-related capacities in youth rugby players, especially when time for resistance training is limited or cannot be prioritized. Coaches may therefore select either method according to the specific context, time constraints, and player needs.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2025-0158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:36:37Z","timestamp":1770741397000},"page":"553-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effectiveness of Unresisted Versus Heavy Resisted Sprints on Sprint Speed, Strength Deficit, and Force\u2013Time Measures in Youth Rugby Players"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5408-5682","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Santiago","family":"Zabaloy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, Universidad de Flores, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Nucleus of High Performance in Sport (NAR), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1079-2446","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucas A.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Nucleus of High Performance in Sport (NAR), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4059-7326","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Javier","family":"G\u00e1lvez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2611-647X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Tondelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, Universidad de Flores, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, School of Physiotherapy, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9792-6656","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro E.","family":"Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8571-3189","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tom\u00e1s T.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleus of High Performance in Sport (NAR), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1309-2568","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Irineu","family":"Loturco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Nucleus of High Performance in Sport (NAR), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"FSI\u2014Football Science Institute, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"Strength Cond J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000730","article-title":"Narrative review on the use of sled training to improve sprint performance in team sport athletes","volume":"45","author":"Zabaloy S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zabaloy S, Freitas TT, Pareja-Blanco F, Alcaraz PE, Loturco I. 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