{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:40:42Z","timestamp":1792798842164,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    This study investigated the effect of caffeinated chewing gum on sympathetic nerve activity and simulated wrestling performance.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Sixteen professional male wrestlers (age: 21.8 [1.0]\u00a0y, height: 168.4 [4.5]\u00a0cm, mass: 68.2 [8.7]\u00a0kg) were randomly assigned to either a caffeinated-chewing-gum (CAF)\u00a0trial or a placebo trial (PL) using a double-blind, randomized crossover study design. Participants warmed up for 15\u00a0minutes after chewing CAF containing 3\u00a0mg\/kg body weight or caffeine-free placebo gum (PL) for 10\u00a0minutes. Participants were sequentially tested for grip strength and a\u00a0specific wrestling performance test (SWPT). Saliva samples were collected when participants arrived at the laboratory and at the end of the SWPT to analyze caffeine and \u03b1-amylase concentrations.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Caffeinated chewing gum significantly increased the number of throws in round 1 (CAF: 26.8 [3.3] times, PL: 24.0 [2.7] times;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.002, Cohen\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.92), round 2 (CAF: 22.8 [3.3] times, PL: 20.4 [3.3] times;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.047, Cohen\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.72), and total number of throws (CAF: 49.6 [5.7] times, PL: 44.5 [4.7] times;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.001, Cohen\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.97), as measured by SWPT, compared with the PL. The saliva \u03b1-amylase concentrations were higher in the CAF trial than in the PL trial at the end of the\u00a0SWPT (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.040, Cohen\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.52).\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    The results of this study provide support that caffeinated chewing gum is effective in improving the number of throws in an\u00a0SWPT. Increased sympathetic nerve activity may have improved the number of throws.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2025-0210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T16:21:14Z","timestamp":1763137274000},"page":"41-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Caffeinated Chewing Gum Improves Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Wrestling Performance: A Double-Blind Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Guan-Jou","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tungs\u2019 Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuqi, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Jie","family":"Shiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Hung","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zong-Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0739-874X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chih-Hui","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"r1","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247565","article-title":"Identification of success factors in elite wrestlers\u2014An exploratory study","volume":"16","author":"Cie\u015bli\u0144ski I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cie\u015bli\u0144ski I, Gierczuk D, Sadowski J. 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