{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T17:13:06Z","timestamp":1772471586677,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"\n \n Purpose<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) can improve physiological (eg,\u00a0maximal oxygen uptake [\n \n ]) and locomotor (eg,\u00a0maximal aerobic speed, MAS; maximal sprinting speed, MSS) variables. However, the influence of an athlete\u2019s locomotor profile on training adaptations to HIIT and SIT remains unclear. We aimed to (1)\u00a0compare physiological and locomotor adaptations to HIIT and SIT and (2)\u00a0assess how locomotor profiles affect these adaptations.\n \n Methods<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Twenty-seven trained male and female runners (27.7 [7.5]\u00a0y; n\u2009=\u200912 women) completed 6 weeks of HIIT (4\u20136\u2009\u00d7\u20094\u00a0min @90%\u201395% MAS) or SIT (6\u201310\u2009\u00d7\u200920-s all-out sprints), performed twice weekly. Pretest and posttests included 40-m sprinting (MSS) and incremental treadmill tests (\n \n , MAS, lactate thresholds [eg,\u00a0v4mmo]). Anaerobic speed reserve was calculated as MSS minus MAS and speed reserve ratio as MSS divided by MAS. Linear mixed models and moderation analyses were performed.\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Both HIIT and SIT significantly improved MAS (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u2264\u2009.03). While only SIT enhanced MSS (interaction:\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.01), HIIT increased v4mmol (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.01). In both groups, speed types (ie,\u00a0higher speed reserve ratio and anaerobic speed reserve) showed greater MAS (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.01) and v4mmol increases (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05) than endurance types (ie,\u00a0lower speed reserve ratio and anaerobic speed reserve). Within the SIT group, endurance types improved MSS (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.01) and\n \n more, while speed types increased\n \n more with HIIT (interaction:\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u2264\u2009.03).\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n HIIT and SIT improve endurance outcomes in trained runners. Adaptations vary depending on locomotor profile, with speed types responding better to HIIT and endurance types benefiting more from SIT. Accordingly, individualizing training by locomotor profile may optimize outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2025-0311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:36:41Z","timestamp":1770741401000},"page":"472-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Locomotor Profile Influences Physiological and Locomotor Adaptations After 6 Weeks of High-Intensity or Sprint Interval Training in Male and Female Runners"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1220-2809","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maximiliane","family":"Thron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9849-8101","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yannick","family":"Sondermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8589-8910","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ludwig","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TSG ResearchLab gGmbH, Zuzenhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8163-693X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bas","family":"van Hooren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences (NUTRIM), Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0277-9858","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter","family":"D\u00fcking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Movement Pedagogy, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Wehdemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0677-6640","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lennart","family":"Buday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5736-2980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"Woll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5009-9545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefan","family":"Altmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"},{"name":"TSG ResearchLab gGmbH, Zuzenhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"r1","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01938-6","article-title":"A perspective on high-intensity interval training for performance and health","volume":"53","author":"Coates AM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coates AM, Joyner MJ, Little JP, Jones AM, Gibala MJ. 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