{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T12:39:31Z","timestamp":1792413571495,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Recreational runners represent a growing population in endurance sports, yet limited data are available on their training characteristics and how these relate to performance. This study aimed to describe the training intensity distribution, internal training load, and their associations with performance outcomes in recreational runners preparing for a marathon or half-marathon.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    A total of 48 recreational runners (22 marathoners, 26 half-marathoners) were monitored over a 12-week training period prior to their respective races. Training sessions were recorded using GPS and heart rate monitors, and volumes were categorized into 3 intensity zones (Z\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , Z\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , Z\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Internal load was calculated using individualized training impulse (Edwards\u2019 training impulse\u00a0[eTRIMP]). Weekly training load, session average load, and time-normalized internal load (eTRIMP per minute [eTRIMP\/min]) were computed. Pearson correlations were used to assess relationships with performance.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    : Both groups adopted a pyramidal training intensity distribution. When considering the full sample, most training was performed in Z\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    (69.1% [8.5%]), followed by Z\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (17.3% [5.2%]) and Z\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    (13.6% [5.3%]). No significant differences were observed between marathon and half-marathon groups in weekly eTRIMP (911 [210] a.u.) or session load. Among marathoners, performance was significantly correlated with Z\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    volume (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u2212.6), Z\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    percentage (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u2212.5), and eTRIMP\/min (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u2212.6). Similar associations were found in half-marathoners (Z\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    volume:\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u2212.5; eTRIMP\/min:\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u2212.5).\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    : Recreational runners tend to follow a pyramidal training intensity distribution irrespective of race distance. Moderate-intensity training and higher time-normalized internal load are key factors associated with endurance performance, offering practical insights for structuring training plans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2025-0348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T18:45:50Z","timestamp":1772045150000},"page":"783-791","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Training Intensity Distribution, Load Management, and Performance in Recreational Long-Distance Runners"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5589-7957","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matteo","family":"Bonato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Movement and Sports Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant\u2019Ambrogio, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Villacaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-8021","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emanuela Luisa","family":"Faelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5215-2378","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marco","family":"Panasc\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9622-0686","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Federica","family":"Marmondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4987-2024","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio","family":"La Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3828-9626","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luca","family":"Filipas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"r1","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000155393.78744.86","article-title":"How do endurance runners actually train? 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