{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T06:03:40Z","timestamp":1781676220570,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"\n \n Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n :<\/jats:italic>\n The effects of sexual activity on athletic performance have been debated for centuries, with traditional abstinence beliefs lacking scientific foundation. We sought to map existing literature examining acute and delayed effects of sexual activity on athletic performance, and identify knowledge gaps across mechanistic pathways.\n \n Methods<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n :<\/jats:italic>\n Sexual activity encompassed intercourse, masturbation, or orgasm-culminating activities. Performance outcomes included strength, endurance, power, speed, reaction time, and sport-specific skills. This scoping review followed\n PRISMA-ScR<\/jats:italic>\n guidelines. Searches covered\n PubMed\/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n PsycINFO<\/jats:italic>\n (inception-July 2025). Population\u2013Concept\u2013Context framework guided study selection. Extracted data covered demographics, performance modalities, timing, and mechanisms. Narrative synthesis addressed heterogeneity.\n \n Results<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n :<\/jats:italic>\n Available evidence indicates sexual activity \u226510 to 12 hours pretesting yields no observed performance impairment. Cardiovascular recovery effects occur with \u22642-hour intervals. One study (n\u2009=\u200916) documented maximal lower-limb strength reduction within 24 hours. Athletes report variable performance expectations (40% perceive immediate negative effects; 90% report no influence at \u226512 h). Studies exhibited small sample sizes (n\u2009=\u20092\u201316), 99% male representation, and methodological heterogeneity. Proposed acute mechanisms include hormonal fluctuations and minimal energy expenditure (1.8\u20132.8 metabolic equivalent of tasks). Hypothesized delayed pathways involve sleep quality and stress modulation.\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n :<\/jats:italic>\n Existing studies demonstrate no performance impairment when sexual activity occurs \u226510- to 12-hour precompetition. Sleep quality improvements require further investigation. Psychological expectations and cultural contexts appear influential based on athlete surveys. Critical gaps include female underrepresentation (99% male samples), age diversity (studies limited to 20\u201340 y), and ethnic homogeneity. Rigorous investigations with diverse populations remain necessary to establish evidence-based practice guidelines.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2025-0454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T06:27:45Z","timestamp":1771914465000},"page":"509-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acute and Delayed Effects of Sexual Activity on Athletic Performance: A Scoping Review Across Sex, Age, and Ethnicity"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6221-546X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wissem","family":"Dhahbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cSport Sciences, Health and Movement\", High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia"},{"name":"Training Department, Police College, Qatar Police Academy, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6298-811X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Walid","family":"Briki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de Grasse, Grasse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8091-1856","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ismail","family":"Dergaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1666-703X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ines","family":"Slim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Overweight and Obesity of Sousse (COSS), Multidisciplinary Clinic \u201cLes Oliviers\u201d, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4112-7924","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdelfatteh","family":"El Omri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1555-5079","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David B.","family":"Pyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7477-2965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Helmi","family":"Ben Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Research Laboratory (LR12SP09), Farhat HACHED Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Front Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00246","article-title":"Sexual activity before sports competition: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Stefani L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stefani L, Galanti G, Padulo J, Bragazzi NL, Maffulli N. 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