{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:35:18Z","timestamp":1793295318741,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    To test the hypothesis that remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) improves severe intensity exercise performance in competitive cross-country endurance runners by increasing maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD), an indicator of anaerobic capacity.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    A randomized sham-controlled crossover study was employed in which 14 competitive trained male cross-country athletes (peak oxygen uptake [\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ]: 62 [5]\u00a0mL\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) completed 3 maximal running trials (baseline, sham, remote IPC) at \u223c110%\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    to their limit of tolerance. Remote IPC was induced with 4\u2009\u00d7\u20095-minute cycles of brachial artery occlusion with 5\u00a0minutes of reperfusion. Maximal AOD (in milliliters per kilogram) and oxygen uptake (\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ) kinetics for each trial were derived from gas-exchange measures.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Remote IPC (146 [58]\u00a0s, 95% CI, 112\u2013181) significantly increased the running limit of tolerance by 12% compared with baseline (131 [47]\u00a0s, 95% CI, 102\u2013160,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.01), and 17% versus sham (125 [44]\u00a0s, 95% CI, 96\u2013154,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.002). Likewise, with remote IPC, maximal AOD was 58.4 (12.2)\u00a0mL\/kg (95% CI, 51.3\u201365.5), a substantial increase compared with baseline (45.5 [9.1]\u00a0mL\/kg,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001, 95% CI, 40.3\u201350.8) and sham (46.4 [7.1]\u00a0mL\/kg,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.01, 95% CI, 42.3\u201350.5). Analysis of\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    kinetics revealed that remote IPC did not change the phase II time constant, but increased mean response time (17.6 [5.1]\u00a0s) compared with baseline (15.5 [3.8]\u00a0s,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.014)\u00a0and sham (15.8 [3.2]\u00a0s,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.04).\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Remote IPC improved running performance in men cross-country athletes. Greater anaerobic capacity, as estimated by increased maximal AOD, may contribute to these performance improvements. Coaches and athletes may consider incorporating IPC into precompetition warm-ups to enhanced running tolerance and anaerobic capacity in trained runners.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2025-0640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:34:56Z","timestamp":1789230896000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Increases Maximal Accumulated Oxygen Deficit in Cross-Country Endurance Runners"],"prefix":"10.1123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4074-6812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bryant R.","family":"Byrd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA"},{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel D.","family":"Sams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graydon A.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus A.","family":"Lucero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3825-2874","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lance C.","family":"Dalleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4540-1903","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gary P.","family":"Van Guilder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5334-8831","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Kilding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1","series-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H971","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00374.2004","article-title":"Ischemic preconditioning protects by activating prosurvival kinases at reperfusion","volume":"288","author":"Hausenloy DJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hausenloy DJ, Tsang A, Mocanu MM, Yellon DM. 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