{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:54:31Z","timestamp":1792598071363,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    The objective of this study was to compare the long-term effects of running retraining and minimalist footwear on running economy (RE), foot and ankle adaptations, and running biomechanics over a 12-month period.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Method<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    In this randomized controlled trial, 61 habitual rearfoot runners were allocated to 3 groups: minimalist footwear (n\u2009=\u200919), running-retraining (n\u2009=\u200918), and control (n\u2009=\u200924). Participants were evaluated at baseline, 2, 6, and 12 months. Outcome measures included RE and biomechanics assessed on a treadmill at self-selected comfortable speed, as well as foot and ankle characteristics.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    RE improved over time in all groups, with no clear between-group differences at any time point. RE significantly improved from baseline in both the minimalist group (+4.9% at 6 mo and +9.3% at 12 mo;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.03 and\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001, respectively) and the running-retraining group (+5.6% at 6 mo and +10.5% at 12 mo;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001 for both). The control group showed an improvement in RE (+4.7%) at 12 months compared to baseline (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.01). No significant changes were observed in foot and ankle characteristics in any group across the follow-up period.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    RE improved similarly across all groups, suggesting that neither running retraining nor transitioning to minimalist footwear provides additional benefits beyond the control condition over a 12-month period. Although descriptive trends indicated greater improvements in the intervention groups, substantial interindividual variability highlights the need to identify responders to these interventions in future studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2026-0047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:26:40Z","timestamp":1787650000000},"page":"1302-1313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Changes in Running Economy Following Minimalist Footwear and Running-Retraining Interventions Over 12 Months"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3662-3309","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Abran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5368-6059","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nadia","family":"Dardenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University and Hospital Biostatistics Center (B-STAT), University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7375-7237","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Delvaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4495-4295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"Croisier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7307-7821","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motion Lab, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.143834","article-title":"Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions","volume":"586","author":"Joyner MJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Joyner MJ, Coyle EF. 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