{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:35:11Z","timestamp":1793295311759,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Purpose:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    This study examined whether lactate-derived indices were associated with 200-m front crawl race performance.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Twenty-eight highly trained male swimmers (18.0 [3.2]\u2009y) performed a 7\u2009\u00d7\u2009200-m incremental step test, and the speed corresponding to lactate threshold (LT) was determined from the speed\u2013lactate curve. The blood lactate increase speed (BLIS\n                    <jats:sub>LT-peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was calculated as the ratio of the difference between blood lactate concentration at LT and peak blood lactate by the time required to complete the fastest 200-m repetition of the 7 \u00d7 200-m test. The rate of blood lactate increase from LT to the peak lactate value (BLrate\n                    <jats:sub>LT-peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was calculated by the slope of the corresponding points of the speed\u2013lactate curve. Official 200-m race performance times were recorded and used as the dependent variable. Multiple linear regression was applied to assess the validity of BLIS\n                    <jats:sub>LT-peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    and BLrate\n                    <jats:sub>LT-peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    as predictors of 200-m race performance.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    The regression model, including speed corresponding to LT and BLIS\n                    <jats:sub>LT-peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    , explained 74% of the performance variance. Inclusion of BLrate\n                    <jats:sub>LT-peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased explained variance to 80% (adjusted\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.77). In this model, LT speed (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.78,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.01), BLIS\n                    <jats:sub>LT-peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.41,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.01), and BLrate\n                    <jats:sub>LT-peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.31,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.01) were all significant independent predictors.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Lactate-derived indices from the incremental step test (LT speed, BLIS\n                    <jats:sub>LT-peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and BLrate\n                    <jats:sub>LT-peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were associated with 200-m swimming performance, explaining 80% of the variance. These findings indicate that the protocol may have practical value for physiological profiling in 200-m swimmers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2026-0087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:00:28Z","timestamp":1790096428000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incremental Swimming Test Provides Key Determinants of 200-m Front Crawl Race Performance"],"prefix":"10.1123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3143-4744","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ioannis S.","family":"Nikitakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquatic Sports, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5042-3672","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Peyrebrune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2040-354X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Argyris G.","family":"Toubekis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aquatic Sports, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1","series-title":"J Sports Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410701348669","article-title":"Ability of test measures to predict competitive performance in elite swimmers","volume":"26","author":"Anderson M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anderson M, Hopkins W, Roberts A, Pyne D. 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