{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:34:44Z","timestamp":1793295284066,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    : This study aimed to clarify the physiological demands during simulated tennis matches on a hard court in world-class wheelchair tennis players.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    : Two male and 4 female wheelchair tennis players completed 2 tests: an arm-cranking test in the laboratory and measurement of physiological responses during a wheelchair tennis match on a hard court. In the arm-cranking test, oxygen uptake (\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate concentration were determined to evaluate the maximum values of\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    (\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ) and HR (HR\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), their values at the lactate threshold (LT) (\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    \u00a0and HR\n                    <jats:sub>LT<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), as well as the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) (\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    \u00a0and HR\n                    <jats:sub>OBLA<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). On the court,\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    and HR during matches were determined and expressed relative to the corresponding values determined in the laboratory (\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    and %HR\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    , respectively). We also calculated the cumulative times spent in 3 intensity zones, defined as zone 1 (\u2264LT), zone 2 (&gt;LT to &lt;OBLA), and zone 3 (\u2265OBLA).\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    : The median\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    and %HR\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    were 56.1% and 72.7%, respectively.\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    was significantly positively correlated with zone 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\n                    b\u2009=\u2009.733). The median\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    was significantly higher in service than return games (service: 22.5 [19.2\u201323.4]\u00a0mL\/kg\/min, return: 18.8 [18.0\u201321.3]\u00a0mL\/kg\/min), which corresponded to significantly shorter and longer cumulative times spent in zones 1 and 2, respectively.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    : World-class wheelchair tennis players played most of the match at moderate intensities between LT and OBLA, and a higher percentage of\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    at LT was associated with longer time spent in lower intensity zones during matches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2026-0165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:22:51Z","timestamp":1788967371000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physiological Responses and Intensity Profiles During Simulated Match Play in World-Class Wheelchair Tennis Players"],"prefix":"10.1123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9908-1030","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mai","family":"Kameda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5499-8182","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takaki","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0480-3754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Iizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4099-4668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taro","family":"Imawaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Embodied Wisdom Division, Center for Liberal Education and Learning, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6337-9925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Noriko","family":"Hakamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9523-8103","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"r1","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3157","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063157","article-title":"Competitive evolution of professional wheelchair tennis from the Paralympic games in Athens 2004 to Rio 2016: an observational study","volume":"18","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Pay A","year":"2021","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Pay A, Sanz-Rivas D. 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