{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T12:23:01Z","timestamp":1794226981113,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Maximal oxygen uptake (\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ) is a primary determinant of endurance performance. However, its upper physiological limits remain unknown, partly due to the limited ecological validity of laboratory testing. We aimed to estimate power output and\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    during decisive competitive efforts in a world-class male cyclist.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Competition data during the 2024 and 2025 seasons were analyzed. We first validated the model for estimating power output during competition efforts (accounting for gravitational, aerodynamic, and rolling resistance forces) against publicly available power meter data in different professional cyclists. A model for estimating\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    (with adjustments for altitude, gross efficiency, and fractional utilization based on effort duration and competitive context) was also validated in a former Grand Tour winner for whom laboratory measures were available. Then, we estimated the mean power output during 4 key climbing efforts, and back-calculated\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    .\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Power output (mean absolute error\u2009=\u200911.7\u00a0W, bias\u2009=\u2009\u22129.5\u00a0W, 95% limits of agreement\u2009=\u2009\u221232.4 to 13.4\u00a0W) and\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    estimations (mean difference from laboratory measurement\u2009=\u20090.9\u00a0mL\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) showed acceptable validity.\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    estimations in the world-class cyclist ranged 90 to 102\u00a0mL\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for assumed gross efficiency 22% to 24%, with a mean\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    of \u223c96\u00a0mL\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    across multiple efforts differing in duration (17\u201340 min), altitude (723\u20131444\u00a0m.a.s.L.) and accumulated fatigue.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Using competition-derived data and conservative physiological assumptions, this study provides potential evidence of an exceptionally high\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    in a world-class cyclist. These findings extend beyond commonly reported values and might support the utility of field-based analyses for exploring the upper limits of endurance performance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2026-0214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:36:33Z","timestamp":1791268593000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aerobic Capacity at the Limits of Professional Cycling: Field-Based Estimates of V\u02d9O2max"],"prefix":"10.1123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0455-6172","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Sitko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Human Movement Sports Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1538-6156","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ole Kristian","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Care, Molde University College, Molde, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1730-3369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro L.","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EXERLAB Group, Department of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"r1","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0229","article-title":"The VO2max legacy of Hill and Lupton, 100 years on","volume":"18","author":"Millet GP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Millet GP, Burtscher J, Bourdillon N, Manferdelli G, Burtscher M, Sandbakk \u00d8. 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