{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:30:14Z","timestamp":1787671814436,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the dynamics of center of mass can be accounted for by a spring-mass model during hopping, less is known about how each leg joint (ie,\u00a0hip, knee, and ankle) contributes to center of mass dynamics. This work investigated the function of individual leg joints when hopping unilaterally and vertically at 4 frequencies (ie,\u00a01.6, 2.0, 2.4, and 2.8\u00a0Hz). The hypotheses are (1)\u00a0all leg joints maintain the function as torsional springs and increase their stiffness when hopping faster and (2)\u00a0leg joints are controlled to maintain the mechanical load in the joints or vertical peak accelerations at different body locations when hopping at different frequencies. Results showed that all leg joints behaved as torsional springs during low-frequency hopping (ie,\u00a01.6\u00a0Hz). As hopping frequency increased, leg joints changed their functions differently; that is, the hip and knee shifted to strut, and the ankle remained as spring. When hopping fast, the body\u2019s total mechanical energy decreased, and the ankle increased the amount of energy storage and return from 50% to 62%. Leg joints did not maintain a constant load at the joints or vertical peak accelerations at different body locations when hopping at different frequencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2020-0076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T07:55:34Z","timestamp":1620719734000},"page":"263-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Leg Joint Mechanics When Hopping at Different Frequencies"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Mu","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Louisiana Tech University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2011.0182","article-title":"The mechanics and energetics of human walking and running: a joint level perspective","volume":"9","author":"Farris","year":"2012","journal-title":"J R Soc 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