{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T09:35:49Z","timestamp":1747733749864},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Humans have the remarkable ability to run over variable terrains. During locomotion, however, humans are unstable in the mediolateral direction and this instability must be controlled actively\u2014a goal that could be achieved in more ways than one. Walking research indicates that the subtalar joint absorbs energy in early stance and returns it in late stance, an attribute that is credited to the tibialis posterior muscle-tendon unit. The purpose of this study was to determine how humans (n\u2009=\u200911) adapt to mediolateral perturbations induced by custom-made 3D-printed \u201cfootwear\u201d that either enhanced or reduced pronation of the subtalar joint (modeled as motion in 3 planes) while running (3\u00a0m\/s). In all conditions, the subtalar joint absorbed energy (ie,\u00a0negative mechanical work) in early stance followed by an immediate return of energy (ie,\u00a0positive mechanical work) in late stance, demonstrating a \u201cspring-like\u201d behavior. These effects increased and decreased in footwear conditions that enhanced or reduced pronation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.05), respectively. Of the recorded muscles, the tibialis posterior (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.05) appeared to actively change its activation in concert with the changes in joint energetics. We suggest that the \u201cspring-like\u201d behavior of the subtalar joint may be an inherent function that enables the lower limb to respond to mediolateral instabilities during running.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2021-0354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T13:28:56Z","timestamp":1657546136000},"page":"221-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["2021 ISB World Athletics Award for Biomechanics: The Subtalar Joint Maintains \u201cSpring-Like\u201d Function While Running in Footwear That Perturbs Foot Pronation"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Asmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glen A.","family":"Lichtwark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayishni N.","family":"Maharaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Int Z Angew Physiol Arb Physiol","first-page":"277","article-title":"Energy-speed relation and optimal speed during level walking","volume":"283","author":"Ralston H","year":"1958","unstructured":"Ralston H. 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