{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:12:26Z","timestamp":1790140346790,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Research addressing lower limb amputee gait and prosthetic design often focuses on men, despite female lower limb amputees having different risk factors and lower success with their prosthetics overall. It is widely agreed that sex differences exist in able-bodied gait, but research analyzing sex differences in amputee gait is rare. This study compared male and female transtibial amputee gait to ascertain potential sex differences. Forty-five transtibial amputees were asked to walk at their self-selected speed, and spatiotemporal gait data were obtained. Both the mean and variability metric of parameters were analyzed for 10 male and 10 female participants. For all participants, amputated limbs had a shorter stance time, longer swing time, and larger step length. Females had a 10% shorter stance time and 26% larger normalized step and stride length than males. Female participants also walked over 20% faster than male participants. Finally, significant interactions were found in the mean and variability metric of stride velocity, indicating greater variability in women. These findings suggest that sex differences exist in transtibial amputee gait, offering possible explanations for the different comorbidities experienced by female lower limb amputees. These results have major implications for female amputees and for sex-specific research, rehabilitation, and prosthetic design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2022-0054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T13:36:46Z","timestamp":1668519406000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sex Differences in Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters of Transtibial Amputees"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4553-5813","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tess M.R.","family":"Carswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Technologies and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7129-6684","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brenton G.","family":"Hordacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Aged and Extended Care, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia"},{"name":"Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5512-0558","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marc D.","family":"Klimstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motion and Mobility Research Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6997-8873","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joshua W.","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Technologies and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Clin Biomech","first-page":"65","article-title":"Transfemoral amputee intact limb loading and compensatory gait mechanics during down slope ambulation and the effect of prosthetic knee mechanisms","volume":"55","author":"Morgenroth DC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morgenroth DC, Roland M, Pruziner AL, Czerniecki JM. Transfemoral amputee intact limb loading and compensatory gait mechanics during down slope ambulation and the effect of prosthetic knee mechanisms. Clin Biomech. 2018;55:65\u201372. doi:10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2018.04.007"},{"issue":"4","key":"r2","series-title":"Gait Posture","first-page":"502","article-title":"The effect of prosthetic foot push-off on mechanical loading associated with knee osteoarthritis in lower extremity amputees","volume":"34","author":"Morgenroth DC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morgenroth DC, Segal AD, Zelik KE, et\u00a0al. The effect of prosthetic foot push-off on mechanical loading associated with knee osteoarthritis in lower extremity amputees. Gait Posture. 2011;34(4):502\u2013507. 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