{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:09:54Z","timestamp":1747188594783,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An overhead throwing motion is a common gross motor skill often taught in early childhood to improve physical activity participation. Yet, research investigating motor efficiency in overhead throws often focuses on improving performance in trained individuals. This project compares kinematic sequencing between trained and untrained youth. After a brief warm-up, untrained high school students (N\u2009=\u20099) and trained high school and college students (N\u2009=\u200910) threw a weighted tennis ball for accuracy (N\u2009=\u200910 throws). Upper extremity angular velocities were collected using 3-dimensional inertial sensor motion capture. Kinematic sequencing of joints and segments (pelvis, trunk, shoulder, elbow, and wrist) was assessed using Kruskal\u2013Wallis test; Friedman and Wilcoxon tests identified group differences between sequences. Seven independent kinematic sequences were identified (N\u2009=\u20092 unique trained; N\u2009=\u20093 unique untrained; N\u2009=\u20092 shared). The rankings for the trained group maintained a mostly consistent pattern with only elbow and wrist joints producing similar rankings. The untrained group lacked that consistency with similar rankings of elbow versus wrist and shoulder versus elbow. Trained individuals threw with a more efficient proximal-to-distal sequencing pattern than the untrained participants, specifically at the trunk and shoulder. Continuous training of gross motor skills beyond initial skill development is necessary to maintain motor proficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2023-0167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T19:42:46Z","timestamp":1729712566000},"page":"470-476","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Kinematic Sequence Differences Between Trained Baseball Players and Untrained Adolescent Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1390-8134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Corey","family":"Wukelic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Limb Loss and MoBility, VA Puget Sound, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Machak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"University of Canterbury, Canterbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gromeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Department of Sport Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"},{"name":"Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics\u2014Research Group, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8967-6936","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah P","family":"Shultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"J Sports Sci Med","first-page":"73","article-title":"Performance and kinematics of various throwing techniques in team-handball","volume":"10","author":"Wagner H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wagner H, Pfusterschmied J, von Duvillard SP, M\u00fcller E. 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