{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T22:50:28Z","timestamp":1782600628378,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultramarathons are a unique model to study the effects of systemic fatigue in athletes. This investigation applied the spring-mass template to study runners before and 2\u00a0days after a road ultramarathon to characterize the effects of fatigue on systemic gait patterns. Overground kinetics were captured 7\u00a0days before and 2\u00a0days after the event in 14 runners. Traditional kinetic and spring-mass parameters were calculated, along with nonlinear regression-derived parameters and spring-mass model fit metrics. After the ultramarathon, vertical force magnitudes and loading rates were unchanged, but impact peaks increased (1.88\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u20131.95\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10 bodyweight). Ground contact times were modestly shorter (\u22123\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u00a0ms), resulting in increased leg stiffness (10.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u201310.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u00a0kN\/m) with equivocal vertical stiffnesses. The deviation from the modeled spring-mass kinetics also increased (171.3\u2009\u00b1\u200915.0\u2013181.4\u2009\u00b1\u200916.5\u00a0N). Overall, the systemic mechanical behaviors of the runners persisted despite the fatigue and stress induced by a road ultramarathon. These findings support previous observations that runners maintain gross mechanical behavior when fatigued with small compensatory changes in spatiotemporal and traditional spring-mass characteristics. However, these findings also suggest that the variability within that gross behavior may increase after stress, suggesting new opportunities for quantifying those deviations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2023-0281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T18:44:37Z","timestamp":1730832277000},"page":"492-500","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spring-Mass Characteristics in Runners Before and After a 56-km Road Ultramarathon"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5225-588X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Geoffrey T.","family":"Burns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0794-0041","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Science Laboratory, On AG, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1567-3112","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nelleke G.","family":"Langerak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute and Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Research, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3898-9507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ronald F.","family":"Zernicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1112-2604","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert P.","family":"Lamberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Movement Science and Exercise Therapy (MSET), Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"r1","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000158994.29358.71","article-title":"Kinetic changes with fatigue and relationship to injury in female runners","volume":"37","author":"Gerlach KE","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gerlach KE, White SC, Burton HW, Dorn JM, Leddy JJ, Horvath PJ. 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