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Here, we sought to test whether adding footwear stiffness via carbon fiber insoles could improve walking outcomes (eg,\u00a0distance traveled and metabolic cost of transport) in older adults during the 6-minute walk test. 20 older adults (10\u00a0M\/10\u00a0F; 75.95 [6.01]\u00a0y) performed 6-minute walk tests in 3 different shoe\/insole stiffnesses (low, medium, and high) and their own footwear (4 total conditions). We also evaluated participants\u2019 toe flexor strength and passive foot compliance to identify subject-specific factors that influence performance from added shoe\/insole stiffnesses. We found no significant group differences in distance traveled or net metabolic cost of transport (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u2009.171). However, weaker toe flexors were associated with greater improvement in distance traveled between the medium and low stiffness conditions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.033, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.478), indicating that individual foot characteristics may help identify potential candidates for interventions involving footwear stiffness modifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2024-0150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T18:33:07Z","timestamp":1735929187000},"page":"124-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effect of Shoe Insole Stiffness Modifications on Walking Performance in Older Adults: A Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1055-9504","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Logan T.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4110-4167","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philippe","family":"Malcolm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9523-9708","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason R.","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8943-9639","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kota Z.","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198820020-00010","article-title":"Age-related changes in speed of walking","volume":"20","author":"Himann JE","year":"1987","unstructured":"Himann JE, Cunningham DA, Rechnitzer PA, Paterson DA. 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