{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:42:07Z","timestamp":1788540127150,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hip joint center (HJC) location estimation influences dependent angles and clinical interpretations. We examined the agreement between 6 HJC estimation methods; compared hip, thigh, and knee angles; and explored HJC location and thigh angle associations. Pelvis markers were used to estimate HJC location via 6 popular methods using Harrington\u2019s method as the reference standard. HJC limits of agreement analysis and inferential angle comparisons during standing revealed that Bell\u2019s (HJC bias range\u2009=\u20090\u201311\u00a0mm, hip angle difference range\u2009=\u2009\u22120.2\u00b0 to 0.1\u00b0) and Vaughan\u2019s (HJC bias range\u2009=\u2009\u22125 to 41\u00a0mm, hip angle difference range\u2009=\u2009\u22120.5\u00b0 to \u22125.3\u00b0) methods were most and least like Harrington\u2019s but varied by dimension. Stepwise regression showed that anterior\u2013posterior, medial\u2013lateral, and anterior\u2013posterior HJC coordinate differences best explained sagittal (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> range\u2009=\u2009.95\u2013.99, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), frontal (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> range\u2009=\u2009.83\u2013.99, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and transverse (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> range\u2009=\u2009.54\u2013.72, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) thigh angle differences, respectively. Different HJC methods caused several large sagittal but more minor frontal and transverse plane differences. We urge caution when using different HJC methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2024-0230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T13:23:00Z","timestamp":1748611380000},"page":"374-382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Agreement Between Hip Joint Center Estimation Methods and Comparisons of Dependent Hip, Thigh, and Knee Angles"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6502-7760","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C. Roger","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6596-8408","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lee T.","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2721-2930","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karthick","family":"Natesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2037-8150","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aaron","family":"Likness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2497-2873","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ho-Cheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6891-8171","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyung Suk","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Kinesiology and Sport Management, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"r1","series-title":"Clin Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2015.02.005","article-title":"Estimation of the hip joint centre in human motion analysis: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Kainz H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kainz H, Carty CP, Modenese L, Boyd RN, Lloyd DG. Estimation of the hip joint centre in human motion analysis: a systematic review. Clin Biomech. 2015;30(4):319\u2013329. doi:10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2015.02.005"},{"issue":"13","key":"r2","series-title":"J Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.05.023","article-title":"Assessment of a greater trochanter-based method of locating the hip joint center","volume":"43","author":"Weinhandl JT","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weinhandl JT, O\u2019Connor KM. Assessment of a greater trochanter-based method of locating the hip joint center. J Biomech. 2010;43(13):2633\u20132636. doi:10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.05.023"},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Hum Mov Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(89)90020-1","article-title":"Prediction of hip joint centre location from external landmarks","volume":"8","author":"Bell AL","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bell AL, Brand RA, Pedersen DR. Prediction of hip joint centre location from external landmarks. Hum Mov Sci. 1989;8:3\u201316. doi:10.1016\/0167-9457(89)90020-1"},{"issue":"6","key":"r4","series-title":"J Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90054-7","article-title":"A comparison of the accuracy of several hip center location prediction methods","volume":"23","author":"Bell AL","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bell AL, Pedersen DR, Brand RA. A comparison of the accuracy of several hip center location prediction methods. J Biomech. 1990;23(6):617\u2013621. doi:10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90054-7"},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Hum Mov Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(91)90046-Z","article-title":"A gait analysis data collection and reduction technique","volume":"10","author":"Davis RB","year":"1991","unstructured":"Davis RB, Ounpuu S, Tyburski D, Gage JR. A gait analysis data collection and reduction technique. Hum Mov Sci. 1991;10:575\u2013587. doi:10.1016\/0167-9457(91)90046-Z"},{"key":"r6","series-title":"Sci Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37707","article-title":"Predicting the location of the hip joint centres, impact of age group and sex","volume":"6","author":"Hara R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hara R, McGinley J, Briggs C, Baker R, Sangeux M. Predicting the location of the hip joint centres, impact of age group and sex. Sci Rep. 2016;6:37707. doi:10.1038\/srep37707"},{"issue":"3","key":"r7","series-title":"J Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.02.003","article-title":"Prediction of the hip joint centre in adults, children, and patients with cerebral palsy based on magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"40","author":"Harrington ME","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harrington ME, Zavatsky AB, Lawson SEM, Yuan Z, Theologis TN. Prediction of the hip joint centre in adults, children, and patients with cerebral palsy based on magnetic resonance imaging. J Biomech. 2007;40(3):595\u2013602. doi:10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.02.003"},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Dynamics of Human Gait","author":"Vaughan CL","unstructured":"Vaughan CL, Davis BL, O\u2019Connor JC. Dynamics of Human Gait. 2nd ed. Kiboho Publishers."},{"issue":"2","key":"r9","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.03.011","article-title":"A comparison of hip joint centre localisation techniques with 3-DUS for clinical gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"36","author":"Peters A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peters A, Baker R, Morris ME, Sangeux M. A comparison of hip joint centre localisation techniques with 3-DUS for clinical gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy. Gait Posture. 2012;36(2):282\u2013286. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.03.011"},{"issue":"1","key":"r10","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.01.024","article-title":"Which method of hip joint centre localisation should be used in gait analysis?","volume":"40","author":"Sangeux M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sangeux M, Pillet H, Skalli W. Which method of hip joint centre localisation should be used in gait analysis? Gait Posture. 2014;40(1):20\u201325. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.01.024"},{"issue":"4","key":"r11","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.01.025","article-title":"Evaluation of the accuracy of three popular regression equations for hip joint centre estimation using computerised tomography measurements for metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty patients","volume":"38","author":"Andersen MS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andersen MS, Mellon S, Grammatopoulos G, Gill HS. Evaluation of the accuracy of three popular regression equations for hip joint centre estimation using computerised tomography measurements for metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty patients. Gait Posture. 2013;38(4):1044\u20131047. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.01.025"},{"issue":"1","key":"r12","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.09.026","article-title":"The clinical impact of hip joint centre regression equation error on kinematics and kinetics during paediatric gait","volume":"41","author":"Kiernan D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kiernan D, Malone A, O\u2019Brien T, Simms CK. The clinical impact of hip joint centre regression equation error on kinematics and kinetics during paediatric gait. Gait Posture. 2015;41(1):175\u2013179. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.09.026"},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.09.011","article-title":"In-vivo quantification of dynamic hip joint center errors and soft tissue artifact","volume":"50","author":"Fiorentino NM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fiorentino NM, Atkins PR, Kutschke MJ, Foreman KB, Anderson AE. In-vivo quantification of dynamic hip joint center errors and soft tissue artifact. Gait Posture. 2016;50:246\u2013251. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.09.011"},{"issue":"7","key":"r14","series-title":"Ann Biomed Eng","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1522-1","article-title":"Accuracy of functional and predictive methods to calculate the hip joint center in young non-pathologic asymptomatic adults with dual fluoroscopy as a reference standard","volume":"44","author":"Fiorentino NM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fiorentino NM, Kutschke MJ, Atkins PR, Foreman KB, Kapron AL, Anderson AE. Accuracy of functional and predictive methods to calculate the hip joint center in young non-pathologic asymptomatic adults with dual fluoroscopy as a reference standard. Ann Biomed Eng. 2016;44(7):2168\u20132180. doi:10.1007\/s10439-015-1522-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"r15","series-title":"J Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9290(98)00148-1","article-title":"Validation of a functional method for the estimation of hip joint centre location","volume":"32","author":"Leardini A","year":"1999","unstructured":"Leardini A, Cappozzo A, Catani F, et\u00a0al. Validation of a functional method for the estimation of hip joint centre location. J Biomech. 1999;32(1):99\u2013103. doi:10.1016\/s0021-9290(98)00148-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"r16","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.05.019","article-title":"Hip joint centre localization: evaluation on normal subjects in the context of gait analysis","volume":"34","author":"Sangeux M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sangeux M, Peters A, Baker R. Hip joint centre localization: evaluation on normal subjects in the context of gait analysis. Gait Posture. 2011;34(3):324\u2013328. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.05.019"},{"key":"r17","series-title":"J Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.02.010","article-title":"The effect on conventional gait model kinematics and kinetics of hip joint centre equations in adult healthy gait","volume":"87","author":"Leboeuf F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leboeuf F, Reay J, Jones R, Sangeux M. The effect on conventional gait model kinematics and kinetics of hip joint centre equations in adult healthy gait. J Biomech. 2019;87:167\u2013171. doi:10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.02.010"},{"issue":"11","key":"r18","series-title":"J Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9290(00)00093-2","article-title":"Effects of hip joint centre mislocation on gait analysis results","volume":"33","author":"Stagni R","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stagni R, Leardini A, Cappozzo A, Benedetti MG, Cappello A. Effects of hip joint centre mislocation on gait analysis results. J Biomech. 2000;33(11):1479\u20131487. doi:10.1016\/s0021-9290(00)00093-2"},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.06.002","article-title":"Effects of hip joint centre mislocation on gait kinematics of children with cerebral palsy calculated using patient-specific direct and inverse kinematic models","volume":"57","author":"Kainz H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kainz H, Carty CP, Maine S, Walsh HPJ, Lloyd DG, Modenese L. Effects of hip joint centre mislocation on gait kinematics of children with cerebral palsy calculated using patient-specific direct and inverse kinematic models. Gait Posture. 2017;57:154\u2013160. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.06.002"},{"key":"r20","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.08.016","article-title":"The influence of sagittal trunk posture on the magnitude and rate of patellofemoral joint stress during stair ascent in asymptomatic females","volume":"74","author":"Atkins LT","year":"2019","unstructured":"Atkins LT, Smithson C, Grimes D, Heuer N. The influence of sagittal trunk posture on the magnitude and rate of patellofemoral joint stress during stair ascent in asymptomatic females. Gait Posture. 2019;74:121\u2013127. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.08.016"},{"issue":"1","key":"r21","series-title":"J Appl Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2022-0165","article-title":"The effects of increasing trunk flexion during stair ascent on the rate and magnitude of Achilles tendon force in asymptomatic females","volume":"39","author":"Atkins LT","year":"2022","unstructured":"Atkins LT, Lowrey M, Reagor S, Walker K, Cage D. The effects of increasing trunk flexion during stair ascent on the rate and magnitude of Achilles tendon force in asymptomatic females. J Appl Biomech. 2022;39(1):10\u201314. doi:10.1123\/jab.2022-0165"},{"key":"r22","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2022.08.001","article-title":"The effects of increased forward trunk lean during stair ascent on hip adduction and internal rotation in asymptomatic females","volume":"97","author":"Atkins LT","year":"2022","unstructured":"Atkins LT, Reid J, Zink D. The effects of increased forward trunk lean during stair ascent on hip adduction and internal rotation in asymptomatic females. Gait Posture. 2022;97:147\u2013151. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2022.08.001"},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Kinematics of Human Motion","author":"Zatsiorsky VM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zatsiorsky VM. Kinematics of Human Motion. Human Kinetics; 1998."},{"issue":"8476","key":"r24","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"307","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"1","author":"Bland JM","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1(8476):307\u2013310. PubMed ID: 2868172"},{"key":"r25","series-title":"Scand J Statis","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"10","author":"Holm S","year":"1979","unstructured":"Holm S. A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scand J Statis. 1979;10:65\u201370."},{"key":"r26","article-title":"JASP","year":"2024","unstructured":"JASP Team. JASP. 2024. https:\/\/jasp-stats.org\/"},{"key":"r27","series-title":"Front Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863","article-title":"Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs","volume":"4","author":"Lakens D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lakens D. Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Front Psychol. 2013;4:863. doi:10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863"},{"issue":"2","key":"r28","series-title":"J Modern Appl Statis Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.56801\/10.56801\/v8.i.452","article-title":"New effect size rules of thumb","volume":"8","author":"Sawilowsky S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sawilowsky S. New effect size rules of thumb. J Modern Appl Statis Methods. 2009;8(2):597\u2013599. doi:10.56801\/10.56801\/v8.i.452"},{"issue":"5","key":"r29","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2704-x","article-title":"Are the left and right proximal femurs symmetric?","volume":"471","author":"Young EY","year":"2013","unstructured":"Young EY, Gebhart J, Cooperman D, Ahn NU. Are the left and right proximal femurs symmetric? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(5):1593\u20131601. doi:10.1007\/s11999-012-2704-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"r30","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.02.008","article-title":"Femoroacetabular impingement alters hip and pelvic biomechanics during gait walking biomechanics of FAI","volume":"30","author":"Kennedy MJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kennedy MJ, Lamontagne M, Beaule PE. Femoroacetabular impingement alters hip and pelvic biomechanics during gait walking biomechanics of FAI. Gait Posture. 2009;30(1):41\u201344. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.02.008"},{"issue":"4","key":"r31","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.09.001","article-title":"Effect of hip angle on anterior hip joint force during gait","volume":"32","author":"Lewis CL","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lewis CL, Sahrmann SA, Moran DW. Effect of hip angle on anterior hip joint force during gait. Gait Posture. 2010;32(4):603\u2013607. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.09.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"r32","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.05.002","article-title":"Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 3. Soft tissue artifact assessment and compensation","volume":"21","author":"Leardini A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leardini A, Chiari L, Della Croce U, Cappozzo A. Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 3. Soft tissue artifact assessment and compensation. Gait Posture. 2005;21(2):212\u2013225. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.05.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"r33","series-title":"Gait Posture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.05.003","article-title":"Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 4. Assessment of anatomical landmark misplacement and its effects on joint kinematics","volume":"21","author":"Della Croce U","year":"2005","unstructured":"Della Croce U, Leardini A, Chiari L, Cappozzo A. Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 4. Assessment of anatomical landmark misplacement and its effects on joint kinematics. Gait Posture. 2005;21(2):226\u2013237. doi:10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.05.003"},{"issue":"9","key":"r34","series-title":"Clin Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.07.001","article-title":"ASB clinical biomechanics award winner 2006 prospective study of the biomechanical factors associated with iliotibial band syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Noehren B","year":"2007","unstructured":"Noehren B, Davis I, Hamill J. ASB clinical biomechanics award winner 2006 prospective study of the biomechanical factors associated with iliotibial band syndrome. Clin Biomech. 2007;22(9):951\u2013956. doi:10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.07.001"},{"key":"r35","series-title":"Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab165","article-title":"Immediate improvements in patellofemoral pain are associated with sagittal plane movement training to improve use of gluteus maximus muscle during single limb landing","volume":"101","author":"Atkins LT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Atkins LT, James CR, Yang HS, et\u00a0al. Immediate improvements in patellofemoral pain are associated with sagittal plane movement training to improve use of gluteus maximus muscle during single limb landing. Phys Ther. 2021;101(10):pzab165. doi:10.1093\/ptj\/pzab165"},{"issue":"10","key":"r36","series-title":"Orthop J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120957646","article-title":"Prospective frontal plane angles used to predict ACL strain and identify those at high risk for sports-related ACL injury","volume":"8","author":"Bates NA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bates NA, Myer GD, Hale RF, Schilaty ND, Hewett TE. Prospective frontal plane angles used to predict ACL strain and identify those at high risk for sports-related ACL injury. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(10):7646. doi:10.1177\/2325967120957646"},{"issue":"1","key":"r37","series-title":"Arthritis Res Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02274-0","article-title":"Association between knee alignment, osteoarthritis disease severity, and subchondral trabecular bone microarchitecture in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Han X","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han X, Cui J, Xie K, et\u00a0al. Association between knee alignment, osteoarthritis disease severity, and subchondral trabecular bone microarchitecture in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2020;22(1):203. doi:10.1186\/s13075-020-02274-0"},{"key":"r38","series-title":"Measuring Walking: A Handbook of Clinical Gait Analysis","author":"Baker R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baker R. Measuring Walking: A Handbook of Clinical Gait Analysis. Mac Keith Press; 2013."}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Biomechanics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jab\/41\/4\/article-p374.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jab\/41\/4\/article-p374.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jab\/41\/4\/article-p374.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T22:46:25Z","timestamp":1752705985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jab\/41\/4\/article-p374.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jab.2024-0230","relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-8483","1543-2688"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-8483","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-2688","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]}}}