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After each perturbation, participants were asked if they had perceived the perturbation. The average conscious perception threshold was 0.061\u00a0m\/s (ie,\u00a0\u0394 velocity). Minimal detectable effects were based on the fraction of signals exceeding 3 standard deviations of unperturbed walking. For electromyography, we found thresholds of 0.053\u00a0m\/s for the tibialis anterior and 0.018\u00a0m\/s for the gastrocnemius. For IMUs, we found thresholds for most anatomical placements of \u22640.016\u00a0m\/s. Clear differences in minimal detectable amplitudes for local muscle reflexes versus conscious perception support exploring this experimental paradigm for screening in individuals with sensory, motor, and cognitive-motor pathologies. We also conclude that inertial measurement unit signals are highly sensitive to slip perturbations in walking, supporting continued development into their application for monitoring and measuring instability in the real world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2024-0317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T07:50:29Z","timestamp":1775029829000},"page":"299-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Minimum Slip Perturbation Amplitudes Required to Identify Altered Kinematics and Muscle Excitations"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4220-0866","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Constantin","family":"Beyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3543-4089","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jordan","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lampe Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC Chapel Hill and NC State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9523-9708","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason R.","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lampe Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC Chapel Hill and NC State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Summary of Results, United Nations","year":"2022","unstructured":"World population prospects. 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