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Differences in estimated segment angular excursions between sensor placements were compared between an assumed sensor-to-segment calibration and 2 versions of a walking-based functional sensor-to-segment calibration. The performance of the functional calibration methods varied. The shank had the greatest difference in root mean square difference between methods (15\u00b0 for assumed, 1.5\u00b0 for functional calibration), but the pelvis and thigh did not have significant differences in root mean square difference between assumed and functional calibrations. Mean root mean square differences for angular excursion between sensors were &lt;5\u00b0 for most comparisons for assumed and functional calibrations. Functional calibration reduced between-subject variance in intersensor differences for all segments. Functional calibration can minimize the effect of variations in IMU sensor placement, but care should be taken to select sensor placements that minimize soft-tissue artifact (eg,\u00a0anterior thigh).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2025-0073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:32:58Z","timestamp":1768890778000},"page":"131-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Functional Sensor-to-Segment Calibration Method Reduces the Effects of Varied Sensor Placement on Estimates of Segment Angular Excursion"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7775-6699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julien A.","family":"Mihy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1262-4043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mayumi","family":"Wagatsuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1961-4195","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Cain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4178-8872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jocelyn F.","family":"Hafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"r1","series-title":"Sensors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20215993","article-title":"Optimization of IMU sensor placement for the measurement of lower limb joint kinematics","volume":"20","author":"Niswander W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Niswander W, Wang W, Kontson K. 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