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Electromyography and kinematic data were collected from 12 participants who performed 20 slow, controlled trunk flexion\u2013extension motions. The angle derived from 1 motion sensor was the pitch angle of the T12 sensor, and the angle derived from 2 sensors was the difference between the pitch angles of the T12 and S1 sensors. The EMG-off (or EMG-on) angle was defined as the angle at which unilateral erector spinae muscle activity dropped below (or exceeded) 3 times the muscle activity recorded at full trunk flexion during trunk flexion and extension. Results revealed that absolute and relative variability in 20 EMG-off and EMG-on angles were greater when measured with 1 inertial motion sensor than with 2 sensors (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u2009.003), suggesting that using 2 sensors can improve the precision of flexion\u2013relaxation phenomenon determination compared with using 1 sensor.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2025-0314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T16:17:52Z","timestamp":1773937072000},"page":"261-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Precise Quantification of the Onset and Cessation of Flexion\u2013Relaxation in the Erector Spinae Muscles: A Comparison of 1 Versus 2 Inertial Motion Sensors"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9060-1501","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sang","family":"Hyeon Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Entrepreneurial Engineering and Engineering Management, Human Performance Institute, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1955.sp005347","article-title":"The function of the erector spinae muscles in certain movements and postures in man","volume":"129","author":"Floyd WF","year":"1955","unstructured":"Floyd WF, Silver PHS. 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