{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T06:39:36Z","timestamp":1794465576052,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In sprint running, the starting block distance (SBD) directly influences an athlete\u2019s start performance, yet there is a lack of research exploring how block distance affects internal tibial load. Therefore, this study examined internal tibial loading in 28 elite sprinters using finite element analysis. Maximum principal stress, shear stress, total deformation, and bending moments were assessed under 3 front block distances (50%, 60%, and 70% of leg length). A 2-way analysis of variance evaluated the effects of gender, SBD, and their interaction. The results showed a significant main effect of gender on maximum principal stress (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), tibial bending moment (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), maximum shear stress (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and total deformation (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Furthermore, significant gender-by-SBD interactions for maximum principal stress (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.001,\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ) and maximum shear stress (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.02,\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ) indicated distinct mechanical responses between male and female athletes in response to SBD settings. This finding suggests that adopting block settings previously reported to optimize start performance (eg,\u00a0front block distance [FB]\/interblock spacing length [SL] 50\/45) may inevitably increase internal tibial loading, potentially elevating the risk of cumulative injuries such as medial tibial stress syndrome.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2026-0001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:55:27Z","timestamp":1781110527000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Influence of Different Starting Block Distances on Internal Tibial Load in Elite Sprinters"],"prefix":"10.1123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8268-6660","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zilong","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6402-463X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Enze","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, \u00d3buda University, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7634-5668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ, China"},{"name":"Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0202-1967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5666-3142","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tibor J.","family":"Goda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, \u00d3buda University, Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Natural Sciences and Basic Subjects, B\u00e1nki Don\u00e1t Faculty of Mechanical and Safety Engineering, \u00d3buda University, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7438-6290","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ, China"},{"name":"Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ, China"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, HK, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1028-8788","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiazhong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2187-9440","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yaodong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ, China"},{"name":"Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ, China"},{"name":"Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"r1","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19074074","article-title":"Biomechanical performance factors in the track and field sprint start: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Valamatos MJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valamatos MJ, Abrantes JM, Carnide F, Valamatos M-J, Monteiro CP. 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