{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T18:20:48Z","timestamp":1777314048744,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A distal radius fracture (DRF) is commonly the first fracture to occur in early postmenopausal women. The reasons for sustaining a DRF may be related to fall risk, bone fragility, or both. The objective of this study was to compare functional and fracture risk status in postmenopausal women with and without a recent DRF and explore the relationships between function, grip strength, and fracture risk status. Seventy-seven women a ges 50\u201378 with (n\u2009=\u200932) and without (n\u2009=\u200945) a history of DRF in the past 2 years participated. Balance, timed up and go (TUG), gait velocity, balance confidence, sit to stand, grip strength, and fracture risk were assessed. There was a significant group difference after controlling for physical activity level (Pillai\u2019s Trace, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) where women with DRF had poorer outcomes on sit to stand, gait velocity, TUG, and fracture risk status. Grip strength was associated with functional tests, particularly in women with DRF. Women with a recent DRF demonstrated lower functional status and higher fracture risk compared to women without. Grip strength was associated with measures of function and fracture risk, and may complement screening tools for this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2016-0132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T15:24:00Z","timestamp":1495466640000},"page":"136-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Differences in Function and Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women With and Without a Recent Distal Radius Fracture"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Katie","family":"Crockett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saija A.","family":"Kontulainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Farthing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip D.","family":"Chilibeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenna","family":"Bath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam D.G.","family":"Baxter-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref1201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/77.8.812","article-title":"Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"77","author":"Shumway-Cook","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1836-9553(13)70161-9","article-title":"The berg balance scale has high intra- and inter-rater reliability but absolute reliability varies across the scale: A systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Downs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Physiotherapy,"},{"key":"ref1141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","article-title":"The timed \u201cup & go\u201d: A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"CD003324","article-title":"Rehabilitation for distal radial fractures in adults (Review)","author":"Handol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(01)00097-3","article-title":"Simultaneous hip and upper limb fracture in the elderly: Incidence, features and management considerations","volume":"33","author":"Mulhall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Injury,"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00150","article-title":"Bone and fall-related fracture risks in women and men with a recent clinical fracture","volume":"90","author":"van Helden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery \u2013 American Volume,"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02068.x","article-title":"Functional reach: A marker of physical frailty","volume":"40","author":"Weiner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,"},{"key":"ref831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.09.001","article-title":"Strategies for treatment to prevent fragility fractures in postmenopausal women","volume":"23","author":"Geusens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Practice and Research Clinical Rheumatology,"},{"key":"ref891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(05)70033-7","article-title":"Activities-specific and balance confidence (ABC) scale","volume":"51","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy,"},{"key":"ref1091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.01.021","article-title":"Vitamin D inadequacy is associated with low-energy distal radius fractures: A case-control study","volume":"48","author":"Oyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone,"},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1519\/00139143-200831010-00003","article-title":"Knowledge of osteoporosis risk factors and prevalence of risk factors for osteoporosis, falls, and fracture in functionally independent older adults","volume":"31","author":"Burke-Doe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.11.575","article-title":"Secondary prevention of osteoporosis: When should a non-vertebral fracture be a trigger for action?","volume":"94","author":"Eastell","year":"2001","journal-title":"QJM,"},{"key":"ref1221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.2.128","article-title":"Age- and gender-related test performance in community-dwelling elderly people: Six-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up & Go Test, and gait speeds","volume":"82","author":"Steffen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2012-04","article-title":"The relationship of knee-extensor strength and rate of torque development to sit-to-stand performance in older adults","volume":"65","author":"Crockett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Canada,"},{"key":"ref1281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02068.x","article-title":"Functional reach: A marker of physical frailty","volume":"40","author":"Weiner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00211-6","article-title":"Age, sex, and grip strength determine architectural bone parameters assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomographer (pQCT) at the human radius","volume":"34","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics,"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.06.004","article-title":"Tripping without falling; lower limb strength, a limitation for balance recovery and a target for training in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Pijnapples","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology,"},{"key":"ref861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.01.008","article-title":"Grip Strength in healthy caucasian adults: Reference values","volume":"33","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery,"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670710013799","article-title":"Are distal radius fractures due to fragility or to falls? A consecutive case-control study of bone mineral density, tendency to fall, risk factors for osteoporosis, and health-related quality of life","volume":"78","author":"Nordvall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Orthopaedica,"},{"key":"ref1131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0613-6","article-title":"Identification of elderly fallers by muscle strength","volume":"102","author":"Pijnapples","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Applied Physiology,"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1745-8","article-title":"Reducing the risk for distal forearm fracture: Preserve bone mass, slow down, and don\u2019t fall!","volume":"16","author":"Kelsey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl018","article-title":"Women with wrist fractures are at increased risk for future fractures because of both skeletal and non-skeletal risk factors","volume":"35","author":"Edwards","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age and Ageing,"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0246-z","article-title":"Gait speed at usual pace as a predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older people an International Academy on Nutrition and Aging (IANA) Task Force","volume":"13","author":"Abellan van Kan","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging,"},{"key":"ref901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.372","article-title":"WHO absolute fracture risk models (FRAX): Do clinical risk factors improve fracture prediction in older women without osteoporosis?","volume":"26","author":"Hillier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,"},{"key":"ref1121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.06.004","article-title":"Tripping without falling; lower limb strength, a limitation for balance recovery and a target for training in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Pijnapples","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology,"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39428.470752.AD","article-title":"Shifting the focus in fracture prevention from osteoporosis to falls","volume":"336","author":"Jarvinen","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Medical Journal,"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215510367993","article-title":"Dual task interference is estimating the risk of falls and measuring change: A comparative, psychometric study of four measurements","volume":"24","author":"Hofheinz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Rehabilitation,"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0613-6","article-title":"Identification of elderly fallers by muscle strength","volume":"102","author":"Pijnapples","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Applied Physiology,"},{"key":"ref1191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-16384","article-title":"Test-retest reproducibility and inter-rater reliability of a motor skill test battery for adults","volume":"22","author":"Rinne","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine,"},{"key":"ref1071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670710013799","article-title":"Are distal radius fractures due to fragility or to falls? A consecutive case-control study of bone mineral density, tendency to fall, risk factors for osteoporosis, and health-related quality of life","volume":"78","author":"Nordvall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Orthopaedica,"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.9.896","article-title":"Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up & Go Test","volume":"80","author":"Shumway-Cook","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref971","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s12018-009-9054-6","article-title":"Fracture risk assessment in clinical practice: T-scores, FRAX, and beyond","volume":"8","author":"Lewiecki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism,"},{"key":"ref801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl018","article-title":"Women with wrist fractures are at increased risk for future fractures because of both skeletal and non-skeletal risk factors","volume":"35","author":"Edwards","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age and Ageing,"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51465.x","article-title":"The mini-cog as a screen for dementia: validation in a population-based sample","volume":"51","author":"Borson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(03)00082-7","article-title":"Predicting falls within the elderly community: Comparison of postural sway, reaction time, the Berg balance scale and ABC scale for comparing fallers and non-fallers","volume":"38","author":"Lajoie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics,"},{"key":"ref1161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0579.2003.00207.x","article-title":"Handgrip strength and cause-specific and total mortality in older disabled women: Exploring the mechanism","volume":"51","author":"Rantanen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0388-2","article-title":"Is grip strength a good marker of physical performance among community-dwelling older people?","volume":"16","author":"Stevens","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging,"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","article-title":"The timed \u201cup & go\u201d: A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,"},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0748-2","article-title":"Predictors of falls among postmenopausal women: results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA)","volume":"20","author":"Barrett-Conner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref1181","volume-title":"Senior fitness test manual","author":"Rikli","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.01.008","article-title":"Grip Strength in healthy caucasian adults: Reference values","volume":"33","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery,"},{"key":"ref921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52370.x","article-title":"Normal values of balance tests in women aged 20-80","volume":"52","author":"Isles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,"},{"key":"ref1051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60185-9","article-title":"Secondary and tertiary prevention in the management of low-trauma fracture","volume":"49","author":"Myers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy,"},{"key":"ref1041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/53A.4.M287","article-title":"Discriminative and evaluative properties of the activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale","volume":"53","author":"Myers","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences,"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.01.021","article-title":"Vitamin D inadequacy is associated with low-energy distal radius fractures: A case-control study","volume":"48","author":"Oyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone,"},{"key":"ref1171","first-page":"160","article-title":"Functional fitness normative scores for community residing older adults ages 60-94","volume":"7","author":"Rikli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.1.15","article-title":"Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20-79 years: reference values and determinants","volume":"26","author":"Bohannon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Age Aging,"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00049-9","article-title":"The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Evidence for validity","volume":"52","author":"Washburn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology,"},{"key":"ref911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215510367993","article-title":"Dual task interference is estimating the risk of falls and measuring change: A comparative, psychometric study of four measurements","volume":"24","author":"Hofheinz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Rehabilitation,"},{"key":"ref811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods,"},{"key":"ref1021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.06.023","article-title":"The association between physical activity in different domains of life and risk of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"47","author":"Moayyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone,"},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1836-9553(13)70161-9","article-title":"The berg balance scale has high intra- and inter-rater reliability but absolute reliability varies across the scale: A systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Downs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Physiotherapy,"},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00919-5","article-title":"Independent predictors of all osteoporosis-related fractures in healthy postmenopausal women: The OFELY study","volume":"32","author":"Albrand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone,"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03408.x","article-title":"The nonlinear relationship between gait speed and falls: The maintenance of balance, independent living, intellect, and Zest in the elderly of Boston study","volume":"59","author":"Quach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,"},{"key":"ref851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01629573","article-title":"Different risk profiles for hip fractures and distal forearm fractures: A prospective study","volume":"6","author":"Graafmans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39428.470752.AD","article-title":"Shifting the focus in fracture prevention from osteoporosis to falls","volume":"336","author":"Jarvinen","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Medical Journal,"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2012-04","article-title":"The relationship of knee-extensor strength and rate of torque development to sit-to-stand performance in older adults","volume":"65","author":"Crockett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Canada,"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.372","article-title":"WHO absolute fracture risk models (FRAX): Do clinical risk factors improve fracture prediction in older women without osteoporosis?","volume":"26","author":"Hillier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,"},{"key":"ref841","first-page":"101","article-title":"Falls and fractures in postmenopausal women: A review","volume":"9","author":"Geusens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of British Menopause Society,"},{"key":"ref981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130801931821","article-title":"Linking stability to demographics, strength, and sensory system function in women over 40 to support pre-emptive preventive intervention","volume":"11","author":"Low Choy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Climacteric,"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.06.023","article-title":"The association between physical activity in different domains of life and risk of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"47","author":"Moayyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone,"},{"key":"ref961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.02.022","article-title":"Low strength is related to diminished ground reaction forces and walking performance in older women","volume":"33","author":"Laroche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait & Posture,"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/64.7.1067","article-title":"Decrease in timed balance test scores with aging","volume":"64","author":"Bohannon","year":"1984","journal-title":"Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130801931821","article-title":"Linking stability to demographics, strength, and sensory system function in women over 40 to support pre-emptive preventive intervention","volume":"11","author":"Low Choy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Climacteric,"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0246-z","article-title":"Gait speed at usual pace as a predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older people an International Academy on Nutrition and Aging (IANA) Task Force","volume":"13","author":"Abellan van Kan","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging,"},{"key":"ref771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3160-8","article-title":"Bone strength and muscle properties in postmenopausal women with and without a recent distal radius fracture","volume":"26","author":"Crockett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref531","volume-title":"Senior fitness test manual","author":"Rikli","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref1261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/81.6.1233","article-title":"Making geriatric assessment work: Selecting useful measures","volume":"81","author":"VanSwearingen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0748-2","article-title":"Predictors of falls among postmenopausal women: results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA)","volume":"20","author":"Barrett-Conner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"136","article-title":"Muscle cross sectional area and grip torque contraction types are similarly related to pQCT derived bone strength indices in the radii of older healthy adults","volume":"10","author":"Frank","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions,"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.02.022","article-title":"Low strength is related to diminished ground reaction forces and walking performance in older women","volume":"33","author":"Laroche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait & Posture,"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.41.6.304","article-title":"Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument","volume":"41","author":"Berg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Canada,"},{"key":"ref1231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0388-2","article-title":"Is grip strength a good marker of physical performance among community-dwelling older people?","volume":"16","author":"Stevens","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging,"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/81.6.1233","article-title":"Making geriatric assessment work: Selecting useful measures","volume":"81","author":"VanSwearingen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/64.7.1067","article-title":"Decrease in timed balance test scores with aging","volume":"64","author":"Bohannon","year":"1984","journal-title":"Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-4-24","article-title":"Pain and disability reported in the year following a distal radius fracture: A cohort study","volume":"4","author":"MacDermid","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2003,"},{"key":"ref691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.1.15","article-title":"Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20-79 years: reference values and determinants","volume":"26","author":"Bohannon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Age Aging,"},{"key":"ref1241","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/77.8.812","article-title":"Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"77","author":"Shumway-Cook","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref351","first-page":"69","article-title":"Grip and pinch strength: Normative data for adults","volume":"66","author":"Mathiowetz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.41.6.304","article-title":"Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument","volume":"41","author":"Berg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Canada,"},{"key":"ref1271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00049-9","article-title":"The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Evidence for validity","volume":"52","author":"Washburn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology,"},{"key":"ref871","first-page":"CD003324","article-title":"Rehabilitation for distal radial fractures in adults (Review)","author":"Handol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(05)70033-7","article-title":"Activities-specific and balance confidence (ABC) scale","volume":"51","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy,"},{"key":"ref821","first-page":"136","article-title":"Muscle cross sectional area and grip torque contraction types are similarly related to pQCT derived bone strength indices in the radii of older healthy adults","volume":"10","author":"Frank","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions,"},{"key":"ref951","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(03)00082-7","article-title":"Predicting falls within the elderly community: Comparison of postural sway, reaction time, the Berg balance scale and ABC scale for comparing fallers and non-fallers","volume":"38","author":"Lajoie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics,"},{"key":"ref1011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2014.09.009","article-title":"Reliability and validity of selected measures associated with increased fall risk in females over the age of 45 years with distal radius fracture \u2013 A pilot study","volume":"28","author":"Mehta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Therapy,"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.09.001","article-title":"Strategies for treatment to prevent fragility fractures in postmenopausal women","volume":"23","author":"Geusens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Practice and Research Clinical Rheumatology,"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s12018-009-9054-6","article-title":"Fracture risk assessment in clinical practice: T-scores, FRAX, and beyond","volume":"8","author":"Lewiecki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism,"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01359","article-title":"Evaluation of physical performance level as a fall risk factor in women with a distal radial fracture","volume":"96","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, American,"},{"key":"ref1251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00150","article-title":"Bone and fall-related fracture risks in women and men with a recent clinical fracture","volume":"90","author":"van Helden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery \u2013 American Volume,"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.6.587","article-title":"Risk factors for proximal humerus, forearm, and wrist fractures in elderly men and women: The Dubbo osteoporosis epidemiology study","volume":"153","author":"Nguyen","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology,"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01359","article-title":"Evaluation of physical performance level as a fall risk factor in women with a distal radial fracture","volume":"96","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, American,"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1996.24.2.86","article-title":"Walking speed: reference values and correlates for older adults","volume":"24","author":"Bohannon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref881","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00211-6","article-title":"Age, sex, and grip strength determine architectural bone parameters assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomographer (pQCT) at the human radius","volume":"34","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics,"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods,"},{"key":"ref1031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(01)00097-3","article-title":"Simultaneous hip and upper limb fracture in the elderly: Incidence, features and management considerations","volume":"33","author":"Mulhall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Injury,"},{"key":"ref751","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1519\/00139143-200831010-00003","article-title":"Knowledge of osteoporosis risk factors and prevalence of risk factors for osteoporosis, falls, and fracture in functionally independent older adults","volume":"31","author":"Burke-Doe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51465.x","article-title":"The mini-cog as a screen for dementia: validation in a population-based sample","volume":"51","author":"Borson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,"},{"key":"ref1151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03408.x","article-title":"The nonlinear relationship between gait speed and falls: The maintenance of balance, independent living, intellect, and Zest in the elderly of Boston study","volume":"59","author":"Quach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,"},{"key":"ref591","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref1211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.9.896","article-title":"Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up & Go Test","volume":"80","author":"Shumway-Cook","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-16384","article-title":"Test-retest reproducibility and inter-rater reliability of a motor skill test battery for adults","volume":"22","author":"Rinne","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine,"},{"key":"ref101","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref1101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070040","article-title":"The injury mechanisms of osteoporotic upper extremity fractures among older adults: A controlled study of 287 consecutive patients and their 108 controls","volume":"11","author":"Palvanen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01629573","article-title":"Different risk profiles for hip fractures and distal forearm fractures: A prospective study","volume":"6","author":"Graafmans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.100771","article-title":"2010 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada: Summary","volume":"182","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal,"},{"key":"ref1001","first-page":"69","article-title":"Grip and pinch strength: Normative data for adults","volume":"66","author":"Mathiowetz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2014.09.009","article-title":"Reliability and validity of selected measures associated with increased fall risk in females over the age of 45 years with distal radius fracture \u2013 A pilot study","volume":"28","author":"Mehta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Therapy,"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60185-9","article-title":"Secondary and tertiary prevention in the management of low-trauma fracture","volume":"49","author":"Myers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy,"},{"key":"ref1111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.100771","article-title":"2010 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada: Summary","volume":"182","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal,"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.2.128","article-title":"Age- and gender-related test performance in community-dwelling elderly people: Six-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up & Go Test, and gait speeds","volume":"82","author":"Steffen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1996.24.2.86","article-title":"Walking speed: reference values and correlates for older adults","volume":"24","author":"Bohannon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy,"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3160-8","article-title":"Bone strength and muscle properties in postmenopausal women with and without a recent distal radius fracture","volume":"26","author":"Crockett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52370.x","article-title":"Normal values of balance tests in women aged 20-80","volume":"52","author":"Isles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,"},{"key":"ref521","first-page":"160","article-title":"Functional fitness normative scores for community residing older adults ages 60-94","volume":"7","author":"Rikli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0579.2003.00207.x","article-title":"Handgrip strength and cause-specific and total mortality in older disabled women: Exploring the mechanism","volume":"51","author":"Rantanen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00919-5","article-title":"Independent predictors of all osteoporosis-related fractures in healthy postmenopausal women: The OFELY study","volume":"32","author":"Albrand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone,"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/53A.4.M287","article-title":"Discriminative and evaluative properties of the activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale","volume":"53","author":"Myers","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences,"},{"key":"ref991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-4-24","article-title":"Pain and disability reported in the year following a distal radius fracture: A cohort study","volume":"4","author":"MacDermid","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2003,"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.11.575","article-title":"Secondary prevention of osteoporosis: When should a non-vertebral fracture be a trigger for action?","volume":"94","author":"Eastell","year":"2001","journal-title":"QJM,"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"101","article-title":"Falls and fractures in postmenopausal women: A review","volume":"9","author":"Geusens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of British Menopause Society,"},{"key":"ref941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1745-8","article-title":"Reducing the risk for distal forearm fracture: Preserve bone mass, slow down, and don\u2019t fall!","volume":"16","author":"Kelsey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070040","article-title":"The injury mechanisms of osteoporotic upper extremity fractures among older adults: A controlled study of 287 consecutive patients and their 108 controls","volume":"11","author":"Palvanen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref1061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.6.587","article-title":"Risk factors for proximal humerus, forearm, and wrist fractures in elderly men and women: The Dubbo osteoporosis epidemiology study","volume":"153","author":"Nguyen","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology,"}],"container-title":["Journal of Aging and Physical Activity"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/japa\/26\/1\/article-p136.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/japa\/26\/1\/article-p136.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T20:57:00Z","timestamp":1652993820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/japa\/26\/1\/article-p136.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/japa.2016-0132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-8652","1543-267X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-8652","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-267X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]}}}