{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T20:38:47Z","timestamp":1764103127151},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous meta-analyses have shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is more suitable than moderate continuous training (MCT) for improving peak oxygen uptake (VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak) in patients with coronary artery disease. However, none of these meta-analyses have tried to explain the heterogeneity of the empirical studies in optimizing cardiac rehabilitation programs. Therefore, our aims were (a)\u00a0to estimate the effect of MCT and HIIT on VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak, and (b)\u00a0to find the potential moderator variables. A search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Out of the 3,110 references retrieved, 29 studies fulfilled the selection criteria to be included in our meta-analysis. The mean difference was used as the effect size index. Our results showed significant enhancements in VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak after cardiac rehabilitation based on MCT and HIIT (mean difference\u2009=\u20093.23; 95% confidence interval [2.81, 3.65]\u00a0ml\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and mean difference\u2009=\u20094.61; 95% confidence interval [4.02, 5.19]\u00a0ml\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively), with greater increases after HIIT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Heterogeneity analyses reached statistical significance with moderate heterogeneity for MCT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200967.0%), whereas no heterogeneity was found for the effect of HIIT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.220; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200922.0%). Subgroup analyses showed significant between-group heterogeneity of the MCT-induced effect based on the training mode (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200990.4%), the risk of a new event (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.010; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200977.4%), the type of cardiovascular event (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.009; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200984.8%), the wait time to start cardiac rehabilitation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.010; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200976.6%), and participant allocation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200989.9%). Meta-regressions revealed that the percentages of patients undergoing a revascularization procedure (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.022; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.041) and cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.103; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.025) were inversely related to the MCT-induced effect on the VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2019-0363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T15:58:05Z","timestamp":1597420685000},"page":"327-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Are the Current Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs Optimized to Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients? A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Manresa-Rocamora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Sarabia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Meca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Jose","family":"Vera-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Moya-Ram\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193","article-title":"Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Q statistic or I\u00b2 index?","volume":"11","author":"Huedo-Medina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychological Methods,"},{"key":"ref881","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000209810.59831.f4","article-title":"Reduction of N terminal-pro-brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide levels with exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction","volume":"13","author":"Giallauria","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & 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