{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:28:12Z","timestamp":1774362492664,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The authors examined the musculoskeletal implications of delayed exercise adoption in two distinct cohorts of masters athletes with \u223c10\u00a0years of training experience: Olympic weightlifters (OWLs) and distance runners (RUNs). Total body and regional bone mineral density (BMD), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived lean mass were compared in 51 OWLs and 43 RUNs. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on BMD and lean mass with the exercise group (i.e.,\u00a0OWLs vs. RUNs), age, sex, and years of experience as independent variables. Age was associated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) with less femoral (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.25) and lumbar (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.27) BMD. Total body (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.23), lumbar (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.25), and radial (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.36) BMD were greater (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) in OWLs versus RUNs. Lean mass was greater in OWLs versus RUNs (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.29, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01), but did not relate to total body BMD (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.15; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.08). Greater total and regional BMD and lean mass in OWLs compared with RUNs may reduce risk for developing osteoporosis and\/or sarcopenia and associated downstream health outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2019-0426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T12:06:33Z","timestamp":1589803593000},"page":"749-755","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Bone Mineral Density and Muscle Mass in Masters Olympic Weightlifters and Runners"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kayleigh R.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Grosicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Mercado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan L.","family":"Riemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.06.011","article-title":"Internal femoral forces and moments during running: Implications for stress fracture development","volume":"23","author":"Edwards","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics,"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0176161","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176161","article-title":"Reference standards for lean mass measures using GE dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in Caucasian adults","volume":"12","author":"Imboden","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One,"},{"key":"ref771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3236-5","article-title":"Age-associated declines in muscle mass, strength, power, and physical performance: Impact on fear of falling and quality of life","volume":"27","author":"Trombetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.11.s1.s137","article-title":"Aging and the osteogenic response to mechanical loading","volume":"11","author":"Kohrt","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"66","article-title":"Sarcopenia and osteoporosis: A hazardous duet","volume":"28","author":"Crepaldi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation,"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3863-5","article-title":"Habitual levels of higher, but not medium or low, impact physical activity are positively related to lower limb bone strength in older women: Findings from a population-based study using accelerometers to classify impact magnitude","volume":"28","author":"Hannam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-6308.197466","article-title":"The effect of running on femoral bone mineral density","volume":"17","author":"Shafshak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine,"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(98)00118-5","article-title":"Three rules for bone adaptation to mechanical stimuli","volume":"23","author":"Turner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bone,"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200211001-00006","article-title":"Skeletal muscle plasticity: Cellular and molecular responses to altered physical activity paradigms","volume":"81","author":"Baldwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation,"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3236-5","article-title":"Age-associated declines in muscle mass, strength, power, and physical performance: Impact on fear of falling and quality of life","volume":"27","author":"Trombetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4151-8","article-title":"Osteosarcopenia: Where bone, muscle, and fat collide","volume":"28","author":"Hirschfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International,"},{"key":"ref491","first-page":"66","article-title":"Sarcopenia and osteoporosis: A hazardous duet","volume":"28","author":"Crepaldi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation,"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1743","article-title":"Does a childhood fracture predict low bone mass in young adulthood? 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