{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T22:42:18Z","timestamp":1768516938571,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of protein supplementation and resistance training (RT), compared with RT alone or combined with a placebo, in improving gait speed. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus databases, and 18 randomized controlled trials with 1,147 older participants were included for meta-analysis. Data were pooled as the effect sizes (Hedges\u2019 <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the gait speed (in meters per second). The random-effect meta-analysis, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The combination of protein supplementation and RT significantly improved gait speed (Hedges\u2019 <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>: 0.52\u00a0m\/s, 95% confidence interval [0.17, 0.86], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.005; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200986.5%) compared with the RT alone. The subgroup analyses revealed that the significant improvement in gait speed postprotein intervention plus RT was observed only in participants who consumed protein after RT (Hedges\u2019 <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>: 0.90\u00a0m\/s, 95% confidence interval [0.46, 1.33], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200979.6%). The pooled result did not significantly change after excluding any single study at one time or excluding smaller studies with large effect sizes. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Protein supplementation combined with RT could significantly improve the gait speed of older adults compared with RT alone. This positive effect is more pronounced in people who consume protein after RT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2023-0285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T16:43:26Z","timestamp":1715877806000},"page":"668-678","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Protein Supplementation Combined With Resistance Training in Gait Speed in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Physical education, Nanchang Normal College of Applied Technology, Nanchang, JX, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yahai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Physical education, Nanchang Normal College of Applied Technology, Nanchang, JX, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, HUB, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1482-3972","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yu","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Science, Tamburi University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104098","article-title":"Independent and combined effect of home-based progressive resistance training and nutritional supplementation on muscle strength, muscle mass and physical function in dynapenic older adults with low protein intake: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"89","author":"Bastone, A.D.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bastone, A.D., Nobre, L.N., Moreira, B.D., Rosa, I.F., Ferreira, G.B., Santos, D.D.L., et\u00a0al. (2020). Independent and combined effect of home-based progressive resistance training and nutritional supplementation on muscle strength, muscle mass and physical function in dynapenic older adults with low protein intake: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 89, Article 104098. 10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104098"},{"issue":"3","key":"r2","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.047860","article-title":"Associations between body composition and gait-speed decline: Results from the health, aging, and body composition study","volume":"97","author":"Beavers, K.M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beavers, K.M., Beavers, D.P., Houston, D.K., Harris, T.B., Hue, T.F., Koster, A., Newman, A.B., Simonsick, E.M., Studenski, S.A., Nicklas, B.J., & Kritchevsky, S.B. (2013). Associations between body composition and gait-speed decline: Results from the health, aging, and body composition study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97(3), 552\u2013560. 10.3945\/ajcn.112.047860"},{"issue":"1","key":"r3","series-title":"The American Journal of Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E122","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1997.273.1.E122","article-title":"An abundant supply of amino acids enhances the metabolic effect of exercise on muscle protein","volume":"273","author":"Biolo, G.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Biolo, G., Tipton, K.D., Klein, S., & Wolfe, R.R. (1997). An abundant supply of amino acids enhances the metabolic effect of exercise on muscle protein. The American Journal of Physiology, 273(1), E122\u2013E129. 10.1152\/ajpendo.1997.273.1.E122"},{"issue":"2","key":"r4","series-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12667","article-title":"How gait influences frailty models and health-related outcomes in clinical-based and population-based studies: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Bortone, I.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bortone, I., Sardone, R., Lampignano, L., Castellana, F., Zupo, R., Lozupone, M., Moretti, B., Giannelli, G., & Panza, F. (2021). How gait influences frailty models and health-related outcomes in clinical-based and population-based studies: A systematic review. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 12(2), 274\u2013297. 10.1002\/jcsm.12667"},{"issue":"3","key":"r5","series-title":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e318292f3d5","article-title":"Anabolic resistance of muscle protein synthesis with aging","volume":"41","author":"Burd, N.A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burd, N.A., Gorissen, S.H., & van Loon, L.J. (2013). Anabolic resistance of muscle protein synthesis with aging. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 41(3), 169\u2013173. 10.1097\/JES.0b013e318292f3d5"},{"issue":"6","key":"r6","series-title":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696s","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2007.10719650","article-title":"Dietary protein and resistance training effects on muscle and body composition in older persons","volume":"26","author":"Campbell, W.W.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Campbell, W.W., & Leidy, H.J. (2007). Dietary protein and resistance training effects on muscle and body composition in older persons. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(6), 696s\u2013703s. 10.1080\/07315724.2007.10719650"},{"issue":"1","key":"r7","series-title":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1139\/H07-143","article-title":"The impact of nutritional and exercise strategies for aging bone and muscle","volume":"33","author":"Candow, D.G.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Candow, D.G. (2008). The impact of nutritional and exercise strategies for aging bone and muscle. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 33(1), 181\u2013183. 10.1139\/H07-143"},{"issue":"2","key":"r8","series-title":"Advances in Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.001792","article-title":"Skeletal muscle responses to negative energy balance: Effects of dietary protein","volume":"3","author":"Carbone, J.W.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carbone, J.W., McClung, J.P., & Pasiakos, S.M. (2012). Skeletal muscle responses to negative energy balance: Effects of dietary protein. Advances in Nutrition, 3(2), 119\u2013126. 10.3945\/an.111.001792"},{"issue":"6","key":"r9","series-title":"Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls221","article-title":"Efficacy of whey protein supplementation on resistance exercise induced changes in lean mass, muscle strength, and physical function in mobility-limited older adults","volume":"68","author":"Chale, A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chale, A., Cloutier, G.J., Hau, C., Phillips, E.M., Dallal, G.E., & Fielding, R.A. (2013). Efficacy of whey protein supplementation on resistance exercise induced changes in lean mass, muscle strength, and physical function in mobility-limited older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 68(6), 682\u2013690. 10.1093\/gerona\/gls221"},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen, J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale."},{"issue":"11","key":"r11","series-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.11.1200","article-title":"Impact of muscle power and force on gait speed in disabled older men and women","volume":"59","author":"Cuoco, A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cuoco, A., Callahan, D.M., Sayers, S., Frontera, W.R., Bean, J., & Fielding, R.A. (2004). Impact of muscle power and force on gait speed in disabled older men and women. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 59(11), 1200\u20131206. 10.1093\/gerona\/59.11.1200"},{"issue":"6","key":"r12","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28047","article-title":"Longitudinal study of muscle strength, quality, and adipose tissue infiltration","volume":"90","author":"Delmonico, M.J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Delmonico, M.J., Harris, T.B., Visser, M., Park, S.W., Conroy, M.B., Velasquez-Mieyer, P., Boudreau, R., Manini, T.M., Nevitt, M., Newman, A.B., Goodpaster, BH., & Health, Aging, and Body. (2009). Longitudinal study of muscle strength, quality, and adipose tissue infiltration. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 90(6), 1579\u20131585. 10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28047"},{"issue":"6","key":"r13","series-title":"Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.04.007","article-title":"Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group","volume":"33","author":"Deutz, N.E.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deutz, N.E., Bauer, J.M., Barazzoni, R., Biolo, G., Boirie, Y., Bosy-Westphal, A., Cederholm, T., Cruz-Jentoft, A., Krznari\u00e7, Z., Nair, K.S., Singer, P., Teta, D., Tipton, K., & Calder, P.C. (2014). Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group. Clinical Nutrition, 33(6), 929\u2013936. 10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.04.007"},{"issue":"7","key":"r14","series-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.02.006","article-title":"Protein supplementation augments muscle fiber hypertrophy but does not modulate satellite cell content during prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail elderly","volume":"18","author":"Dirks, M.L.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dirks, M.L., Tieland, M., Verdijk, L.B., Losen, M., Nilwik, R., Mensink, M., de Groot, L.C.P.G.M., & van Loon, L.J.C. (2017). Protein supplementation augments muscle fiber hypertrophy but does not modulate satellite cell content during prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail elderly. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 18(7), 608\u2013615. 10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.02.006"},{"issue":"9","key":"r15","series-title":"British Journal of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520001932","article-title":"Effects of slow- v. fast-digested protein supplementation combined with mixed power training on muscle function and functional capacities in older men","volume":"125","author":"Dulac, M.C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dulac, M.C., Pion, C.H., Lemieux, F.C., Carvalho, L.P., Boutros, G.E., Belanger, M., Gaudreau, P., Chevalier, S., Morais, J.A., Noirez, P., Gouspillou, G., & Aubertin-Leheudre, M. (2021). Effects of slow- v. fast-digested protein supplementation combined with mixed power training on muscle function and functional capacities in older men. British Journal of Nutrition, 125(9), 1017\u20131033. 10.1017\/S0007114520001932"},{"key":"r16","series-title":"The BMJ,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger, M.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger, M., Davey Smith, G., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. The BMJ, 315, Article 629. 10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"issue":"25","key":"r17","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406233302501","article-title":"Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people","volume":"330","author":"Fiatarone, M.A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fiatarone, M.A., O\u2019Neill, E.F., Ryan, N.D., Clements, K.M., Solares, G.R., Nelson, M.E., et\u00a0al. (1994). Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. New England Journal of Medicine, 330(25), 1769\u20131775. 10.1056\/NEJM199406233302501"},{"issue":"1","key":"r18","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa104","article-title":"Effect of lean red meat combined with a multicomponent exercise program on muscle and cognitive function in older adults: A 6-month randomized controlled trial","volume":"112","author":"Formica, M.B.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Formica, M.B., Gianoudis, J., Nowson, C.A., O\u2019Connell, S.L., Milte, C., Ellis, K.A., et\u00a0al. (2020). Effect of lean red meat combined with a multicomponent exercise program on muscle and cognitive function in older adults: A 6-month randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 112(1), 113\u2013128. 10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa104"},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Experimental Gerontology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111651","article-title":"Effects of resistance exercise and whey protein supplementation on skeletal muscle strength, mass, physical function, and hormonal and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy active older men: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"158","author":"Griffen, C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Griffen, C., Duncan, M., Hattersley, J., Weickert, M. O., Dallaway, A., & Renshaw, D. (2022). Effects of resistance exercise and whey protein supplementation on skeletal muscle strength, mass, physical function, and hormonal and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy active older men: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Experimental Gerontology, 158, Article 111651. 10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111651"},{"key":"r20","series-title":"The BMJ,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: An emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt, G.H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt, G.H., Oxman, A.D., Vist, G.E., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., Alonso-Coello, P., & Sch\u00fcnemann, H.J. (2008). GRADE: An emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. The BMJ, 336, Article 7650, 924\u2013926. 10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"issue":"11","key":"r21","series-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Socciety,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01413.x","article-title":"Improvement in usual gait speed predicts better survival in older adults","volume":"55","author":"Hardy, S.E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hardy, S.E., Perera, S., Roumani, Y.F., Chandler, J. M., & Studenski, S.A. (2007). Improvement in usual gait speed predicts better survival in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Socciety, 55(11), 1727\u20131734. 10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01413.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"r22","series-title":"Neuropsychology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.20.2.215","article-title":"Cognitive processes related to gait velocity: Results from the Einstein aging study","volume":"20","author":"Holtzer, R.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Holtzer, R., Verghese, J., Xue, X., & Lipton, R.B. (2006). Cognitive processes related to gait velocity: Results from the Einstein aging study. Neuropsychology, 20(2), 215\u2013223. 10.1037\/0894-4105.20.2.215"},{"issue":"11","key":"r23","series-title":"The Journal of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy169","article-title":"Protein supplementation after exercise and before sleep does not further augment muscle mass and strength gains during resistance exercise training in active older men","volume":"148","author":"Holwerda, A.M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holwerda, A.M., Overkamp, M., Paulussen, K.J.M., Smeets, J.S.J., van Kranenburg, J., Backx, E.M.P., Gijsen, A.P., Goessens, J.P.B., Verdijk, L.B., & van, Loon, L.J.C. (2018). Protein supplementation after exercise and before sleep does not further augment muscle mass and strength gains during resistance exercise training in active older men. The Journal of Nutrition, 148(11), 1723\u20131732. 10.1093\/jn\/nxy169"},{"issue":"5","key":"r24","series-title":"The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1181-2","article-title":"Effect of protein supplementation combined with resistance training on muscle mass, strength and function in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Hou, L.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hou, L., Lei, Y., Li, X., Huo, C., Jia, X., Yang, J., Xu, R., Wang, X. (2019). Effect of protein supplementation combined with resistance training on muscle mass, strength and function in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 23(5), 451\u2013458. 10.1007\/s12603-019-1181-2"},{"key":"r25","series-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.644865","article-title":"The effects of a high-protein dairy milk beverage with or without progressive resistance training on fat-free mass, skeletal muscle strength and power, and functional performance in healthy active older adults: A 12-week randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Huschtscha, Z.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huschtscha, Z., Parr, A., Porter, J., & Costa, R.J.S. (2021). The effects of a high-protein dairy milk beverage with or without progressive resistance training on fat-free mass, skeletal muscle strength and power, and functional performance in healthy active older adults: A 12-week randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, Article 644865. 10.3389\/fnut.2021.644865"},{"issue":"6","key":"r26","series-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00392.2009","article-title":"Effects of resistance exercise and fortified milk on skeletal muscle mass, muscle size, and functional performance in middle-aged and older men: An 18-mo randomized controlled trial","volume":"107","author":"Kukuljan, S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kukuljan, S., Nowson, C.A., Sanders, K., & Daly, R.M. (2009). Effects of resistance exercise and fortified milk on skeletal muscle mass, muscle size, and functional performance in middle-aged and older men: An 18-mo randomized controlled trial. Journal of Applied Physiology, 107(6), 1864\u20131873. 10.1152\/japplphysiol.00392.2009"},{"issue":"9","key":"r27","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092607","article-title":"Effectiveness of protein supplementation combined with resistance training on muscle strength and physical performance in elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Labata-Lezaun, N.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Labata-Lezaun, N., Llurda-Almuzara, L., L\u00f3pez-de-Celis, C., Rodr\u00edguez-Sanz, J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Rueda, V., Hidalgo-Garc\u00eda, C., Muniz-Pardos, B., & P\u00e9rez-Bellmunt, A. (2020). Effectiveness of protein supplementation combined with resistance training on muscle strength and physical performance in elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 12(9), Article 2606. 10.3390\/nu12092607"},{"issue":"4","key":"r28","series-title":"Current Sports Medicine Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1249\/00149619-200208000-00005","article-title":"The role of protein and amino acid supplements in the athlete\u2019s diet: Does type or timing of ingestion matter?","volume":"1","author":"Lemon, P.W.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lemon, P.W., Berardi, J.M., & Noreen, E.E. (2002). The role of protein and amino acid supplements in the athlete\u2019s diet: Does type or timing of ingestion matter? Current Sports Medicine Reports, 1(4), 214\u2013221. 10.1249\/00149619-200208000-00005"},{"issue":"7","key":"r29","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071552","article-title":"Effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise training on walking speed recovery in older adults with knee osteoarthritis and sarcopenia","volume":"15","author":"Liao, C.D.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liao, C.D., Huang, S.W., Chen, H.C., Huang, Y.Y., Liou, T.H., & Lin, C.L. (2023). Effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise training on walking speed recovery in older adults with knee osteoarthritis and sarcopenia. Nutrients, 15(7), Article 1552. 10.3390\/nu15071552"},{"issue":"6","key":"r30","series-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001255","article-title":"The effect of resistance training and different sources of postexercise protein supplementation on muscle mass and physical capacity in sarcopenic elderly men","volume":"30","author":"Maltais, M.L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maltais, M.L., Ladouceur, J.P., & Dionne, I.J. (2016). The effect of resistance training and different sources of postexercise protein supplementation on muscle mass and physical capacity in sarcopenic elderly men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1680\u20131687. 10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001255"},{"key":"r31","series-title":"Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/216185","article-title":"Fat modulates the relationship between sarcopenia and physical function in nonobese older adults","volume":"2012","author":"Marcus, R.L.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marcus, R.L., Brixner, D.I., Ghate, S., & Lastayo, P. (2012). Fat modulates the relationship between sarcopenia and physical function in nonobese older adults. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, 2012, Article 216185. 10.1155\/2012\/216185"},{"issue":"2","key":"r32","series-title":"Acta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01522.x","article-title":"Metabolic cost, mechanical work, and efficiency during walking in young and older men","volume":"186","author":"Mian, O.S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mian, O.S., Thom, J.M., Ardig\u00f2, L.P., Narici, M.V., & Minetti, A.E. (2006). Metabolic cost, mechanical work, and efficiency during walking in young and older men. Acta Physiologica, 186(2), 127\u2013139. 10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01522.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"r33","series-title":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13499","article-title":"Effect of whey protein supplementation after resistance exercise on the muscle mass and physical function of healthy older women: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Mori, H.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mori, H., & Tokuda, Y. (2018). Effect of whey protein supplementation after resistance exercise on the muscle mass and physical function of healthy older women: A randomized controlled trial. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 18(9), 1398\u20131404. 10.1111\/ggi.13499"},{"issue":"6","key":"r34","series-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2010.04.014","article-title":"Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia","volume":"11","author":"Morley, J.E.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morley, J.E., Argiles, J.M., Evans, W.J., Bhasin, S., Cella, D., Deutz, N.E., et\u00a0al. (2010). Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 11(6), 391\u2013396. 10.1016\/j.jamda.2010.04.014"},{"issue":"2","key":"r35","series-title":"European Journal of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02302-4","article-title":"Effects of low-dose milk protein supplementation following low-to-moderate intensity exercise training on muscle mass in healthy older adults: A randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Nakayama, K.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nakayama, K., Saito, Y., Sanbongi, C., Murata, K., & Urashima, T. (2021). Effects of low-dose milk protein supplementation following low-to-moderate intensity exercise training on muscle mass in healthy older adults: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. European Journal of Nutrition, 60(2), 917\u2013928. 10.1007\/s00394-020-02302-4"},{"key":"r36","series-title":"Nutrition Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.01.001","article-title":"Protein and exercise in the prevention of sarcopenia and aging","volume":"40","author":"Naseeb, M.A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naseeb, M.A., & Volpe, S.L. (2017). Protein and exercise in the prevention of sarcopenia and aging. Nutrition Research, 40, 1\u201320. 10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.01.001"},{"key":"r37","series-title":"Epidemiologic Reviews,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxs006","article-title":"Adiposity, muscle mass, and muscle strength in relation to functional decline in older persons","volume":"35","author":"Schaap, L.A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schaap, L.A., Koster, A., & Visser, M. (2013). Adiposity, muscle mass, and muscle strength in relation to functional decline in older persons. Epidemiologic Reviews, 35, 51\u201365. 10.1093\/epirev\/mxs006"},{"issue":"1","key":"r38","series-title":"The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-017-0904-5","article-title":"Effects of low-dose dairy protein plus micronutrient supplementation during resistance exercise on muscle mass and physical performance in older adults: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Seino, S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seino, S., Sumi, K., Narita, M., Yokoyama, Y., Ashida, K., Kitamura, A., et\u00a0al. (2018). Effects of low-dose dairy protein plus micronutrient supplementation during resistance exercise on muscle mass and physical performance in older adults: A randomized, controlled trial. The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 22(1), 59\u201367. 10.1007\/s12603-017-0904-5"},{"key":"r39","series-title":"BMJ,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne, J.A.C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne, J.A.C., Savovic, J., Page, M.J., Elbers, R.G., Blencowe, N.S., Boutron, I., et\u00a0al. (2019). RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 366, Article 14898. 10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"issue":"5","key":"r40","series-title":"The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu010","article-title":"The FNIH sarcopenia project: Rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates","volume":"69","author":"Studenski, S.A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Studenski, S.A., Peters, K.W., Alley, D.E., Cawthon, P.M., McLean, R.R., Harris, T.B., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J.M., Fragala, M.S., Kenny, A.M., Kiel, D.P., Kritchevsky, S.B., Shardell, M.D., Dam, T.T., & Vassileva, M.T. (2014). The FNIH sarcopenia project: Rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates. The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69(5), 547\u2013558. 10.1093\/gerona\/glu010"},{"issue":"8","key":"r41","series-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.05.020","article-title":"Protein supplementation increases muscle mass gain during prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail elderly people: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Tieland, M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tieland, M., Dirks, M.L., van der Zwaluw, N., Verdijk, L.B., van de Rest, O., de Groot, L.C., & van de Rest, O. (2012). Protein supplementation increases muscle mass gain during prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail elderly people: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 13(8), 713\u2013719. 10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.05.020"},{"issue":"1","key":"r42","series-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12238","article-title":"Skeletal muscle performance and ageing","volume":"9","author":"Tieland, M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tieland, M., Trouwborst, I., & Clark, B.C. (2018). Skeletal muscle performance and ageing. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 9(1), 3\u201319. 10.1002\/jcsm.12238"},{"issue":"5","key":"r43","series-title":"Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.017","article-title":"Effects of an increased habitual dietary protein intake followed by resistance training on fitness, muscle quality and body composition of seniors: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Unterberger, S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Unterberger, S., Aschauer, R., Z\u00f6hrer, P.A., Draxler, A., Franzke, B., Strasser, E.M., et\u00a0al. (2022). Effects of an increased habitual dietary protein intake followed by resistance training on fitness, muscle quality and body composition of seniors: A randomised controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition, 41(5), 1034\u20131045. 10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.02.017"},{"issue":"1","key":"r44","series-title":"Nutrition Journal,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-017-0229-6","article-title":"Effect of a high protein diet and\/or resistance exercise on the preservation of fat free mass during weight loss in overweight and obese older adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Verreijen, A.M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Verreijen, A.M., Engberink, M.F., Memelink, R.G., van der Plas, S.E., Visser, M., & Weijs, P.J.M. (2017). Effect of a high protein diet and\/or resistance exercise on the preservation of fat free mass during weight loss in overweight and obese older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Journal, 16(1), Article 10. 10.1186\/s12937-017-0229-6"},{"key":"r45","series-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan, X.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wan, X., Wang, W., Liu, J., & Tong, T. (2014). Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 14, Article 135. 10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135"},{"issue":"3","key":"r46","series-title":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,","first-page":"289","article-title":"Factors contributing to muscle wasting and dysfunction in COPD patients","volume":"2","author":"W\u00fcst, R.C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"W\u00fcst, R.C., & Degens, H. (2007). Factors contributing to muscle wasting and dysfunction in COPD patients. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2(3), 289\u2013300."},{"issue":"9","key":"r47","series-title":"Revista Espanola De Cardiologia,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rec.2021.07.010","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"74","author":"Yepes-Nunez, J.J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yepes-Nunez, J.J., Urrutia, G., Romero-Garcia, M., & Alonso-Fernandez, S. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Revista Espanola De Cardiologia, 74(9), 790\u2013799. 10.1016\/j.rec.2021.07.010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Aging and Physical Activity"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/japa\/32\/5\/article-p668.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/japa\/32\/5\/article-p668.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/japa\/32\/5\/article-p668.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T21:39:03Z","timestamp":1726609143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/japa\/32\/5\/article-p668.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/japa.2023-0285","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-8652","1543-267X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-8652","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-267X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]}}}