{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:25:58Z","timestamp":1794018358794,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Cognitive decline is a common concern in aging populations, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often precedes dementia. Mind\u2013body exercise (e.g.,\u00a0tai chi and baduanjin) combines mental focus and physical movement, potentially improving both cognitive and physical function. This study aimed to evaluate whether a 12-week mind\u2013body exercise intervention could enhance cognitive function, physical function, and body composition in older adults with MCI.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    A randomized controlled trial was conducted with community-dwelling older adults (\u226560\u00a0years) in Nanjing, China. Participants were assigned to either a mind\u2013body exercise group (tai chi and baduanjin, three sessions\/week, 60\u00a0min\/session) or a control group (standard health education and light stretching). Cognitive outcomes included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, memory, and executive function. Physical function was assessed via the 30-s chair stand, 30-s arm curl, 2.44-m up and go, and single-leg stand, and body composition measures encompassed waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage, and body mass index.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    After 12\u00a0weeks, the mind\u2013body exercise group showed significantly greater improvements in Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (\u0394\u2009=\u20092.04,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.01), memory (\u0394\u2009=\u20090.72 points), and executive function (\u0394\u2009=\u20090.37 points) compared with the control group. Participants also improved physical function, evidenced by increased repetition counts in the 30-s chair stand (\u0394\u2009=\u20095.93) and arm curl tests (\u0394\u2009=\u20095.17) and reduced up-and-go times (\u0394\u2009=\u2009\u22120.73\u00a0s). Although modest reductions in waist and hip circumference were observed, there were no statistically significant group differences in body mass index or overall body fat percentage.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    A 12-week mind\u2013body exercise program (tai chi and baduanjin) significantly enhances cognitive and physical function in older adults with MCI. These findings suggest that integrating mind\u2013body exercises may be beneficial as a nonpharmacological intervention to address cognitive decline.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Implications<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    The observed improvements in cognition and physical performance highlight the potential for mind\u2013body exercises to serve as a practical, low-cost strategy for delaying or mitigating MCI-related declines in aging populations. Incorporating such interventions into community-based programs or clinical recommendations could promote healthy aging and reduce the burden of cognitive impairment on health care systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2025-0058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:34:47Z","timestamp":1785238487000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multidimensional Effects of Mind\u2013Body Exercise on Cognitive Function, Physical Function, and Body Composition in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 12-Week Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1123","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, JS, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, JS, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shusheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, JS, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, JS, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7998-2511","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhijian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, JS, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"r1","series-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821ece12","article-title":"2011 compendium of physical activities: A second update of codes and MET values [Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural]","volume":"43","author":"Ainsworth, B.E.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ainsworth, B.E., Haskell, W.L., Herrmann, S.D., Meckes, N., Bassett, D.J., Tudor-Locke, C., Greer, J.L., Vezina, J., Whitt-Glover, M.C., & Leon, A.S. (2011). 2011 compendium of physical activities: A second update of codes and MET values [Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural]. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(8), 1575\u20131581. 10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821ece12"},{"issue":"1","key":"r2","series-title":"Cns Spectrums,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852918001347","article-title":"State of the science on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) [Journal Article; Review]","volume":"24","author":"Anderson, N.D.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anderson, N.D. (2019). State of the science on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) [Journal Article; Review]. Cns Spectrums, 24(1), 78\u201387. 10.1017\/S1092852918001347"},{"issue":"1","key":"r3","series-title":"Bmc Geriatrics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-7-17","article-title":"The history of falls and the association of the timed up and go test to falls and near-falls in older adults with hip osteoarthritis [Comparative Study; Journal Article]","volume":"7","author":"Arnold, C.M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arnold, C.M., & Faulkner, R.A. (2007). The history of falls and the association of the timed up and go test to falls and near-falls in older adults with hip osteoarthritis [Comparative Study; Journal Article]. Bmc Geriatrics, 7(1), Article 17. 10.1186\/1471-2318-7-17"},{"issue":"6","key":"r4","series-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181ef7a2e","article-title":"Cognitive function is associated with the development of mobility impairments in community-dwelling elders [Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]","volume":"19","author":"Buchman, A.S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Buchman, A.S., Boyle, P.A., Leurgans, S.E., Barnes, L.L., & Bennett, D.A. (2011). Cognitive function is associated with the development of mobility impairments in community-dwelling elders [Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(6), 571\u2013580. 10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181ef7a2e"},{"issue":"1","key":"r45","series-title":"Journal of Sport and Health Science,","first-page":"36","article-title":"Tai Ji Quan, the brain, and cognition in older adults","volume":"3","author":"Chang, Y.K.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang, Y.K., Nien, Y.H., Chen, A.G., & Yan, J. (2014). Tai Ji Quan, the brain, and cognition in older adults. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 3(1), 36\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2013.09.003"},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1000427","article-title":"Tai Chi practice enables prefrontal cortex bilateral activation and gait performance prioritization during dual-task negotiating obstacle in older adults [Journal Article]","volume":"14","author":"Chen, Y.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Wan, A., Mao, M., Sun, W., Song, Q., & Mao, D. (2022). Tai Chi practice enables prefrontal cortex bilateral activation and gait performance prioritization during dual-task negotiating obstacle in older adults [Journal Article]. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 14, Article 1000427. 10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1000427"},{"issue":"2","key":"r6","series-title":"Gerontology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000512675","article-title":"Effects of movement-based mind-body interventions on physical fitness in healthy older adults: A meta-analytical review [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis]","volume":"67","author":"Ebner, S.A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ebner, S.A., Meikis, L., Morat, M., Held, S., Morat, T., & Donath, L. (2021). Effects of movement-based mind-body interventions on physical fitness in healthy older adults: A meta-analytical review [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis]. Gerontology, 67(2), 125\u2013143. 10.1159\/000512675"},{"issue":"4","key":"r7","series-title":"Clinics in Geriatric Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2020.06.009","article-title":"Physical activity and healthy aging [Journal Article; Review]","volume":"36","author":"Eckstrom, E.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eckstrom, E., Neukam, S., Kalin, L., & Wright, J. (2020). Physical activity and healthy aging [Journal Article; Review]. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 36(4), 671\u2013683. 10.1016\/j.cger.2020.06.009"},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Neurobiology of Aging,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.007","article-title":"Impact of exercise training on physical and cognitive function among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Systematic Review]","volume":"79","author":"Falck, R.S.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Falck, R.S., Davis, J.C., Best, J. R., Crockett, R.A., & Liu-Ambrose, T. (2019). Impact of exercise training on physical and cognitive function among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Systematic Review]. Neurobiology of Aging, 79, 119\u2013130. 10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.007"},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Complementary Therapies in Medicine,","article-title":"Are movement-based mindful exercises (QIGONG, TAI CHI, AND YOGA) beneficial for stroke and Parkinson\u2019s disease? A scoping review [Journal Article; Scoping Review]","volume":"72","author":"Garcia-Munoz, C.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garcia-Munoz, C., Gonzalez-Garcia, P., Casuso-Holgado, M.J., Martinez-Calderon, J., & Heredia-Rizo, A.M. (2023). Are movement-based mindful exercises (QIGONG, TAI CHI, AND YOGA) beneficial for stroke and Parkinson\u2019s disease? A scoping review [Journal Article; Scoping Review]. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 72, Article 102912. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102912"},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Experimental Gerontology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.111049","article-title":"Maintenance of muscle strength following a one-year resistance training program in older adults [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]","volume":"139","author":"Gylling, A.T.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gylling, A.T., Bloch-Ibenfeldt, M., Eriksen, C.S., Ziegler, A.K., Wimmelmann, C.L., Baekgaard, M., Boraxbekk, C.J., Siebner, H.R., Mortensen, E.L., & Kjaer, M. (2020). Maintenance of muscle strength following a one-year resistance training program in older adults [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]. Experimental Gerontology, 139, Article 111049. 10.1016\/j.exger.2020.111049"},{"issue":"4","key":"r11","series-title":"Clinics in Geriatric Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2013.07.002","article-title":"Normal cognitive aging [Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Review]","volume":"29","author":"Harada, C.N.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harada, C.N., Natelson, L.M., & Triebel, K.L. (2013). Normal cognitive aging [Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Review]. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 29(4), 737\u2013752. 10.1016\/j.cger.2013.07.002"},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Ageing Research Reviews,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101747","article-title":"The effect of Tai Chi in elderly individuals with sarcopenia and frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Review; Systematic Review]","volume":"82","author":"Huang, C.Y.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang, C.Y., Mayer, P.K., Wu, M.Y., Liu, D.H., Wu, P.C., & Yen, H.R. (2022). The effect of Tai Chi in elderly individuals with sarcopenia and frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Review; Systematic Review]. Ageing Research Reviews, 82, Article 101747. 10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101747"},{"issue":"1","key":"r13","series-title":"Systematic Reviews,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02358-3","article-title":"Effects and mechanisms of Tai Chi on mild cognitive impairment and early-stage dementia: a scoping review [Journal Article; Scoping Review]","volume":"12","author":"Jasim, N.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jasim, N., Balakirishnan, D., Zhang, H., Steiner-Lim, G.Z., Karamacoska, D., & Yang, G.Y. (2023). Effects and mechanisms of Tai Chi on mild cognitive impairment and early-stage dementia: a scoping review [Journal Article; Scoping Review]. Systematic Reviews, 12(1), Article 200. 10.1186\/s13643-023-02358-3"},{"issue":"12","key":"r14","series-title":"Jama Network Open,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.52185","article-title":"Aerobic exercise and weight loss in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review]","volume":"7","author":"Jayedi, A.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jayedi, A., Soltani, S., Emadi, A., Zargar, M.S., & Najafi, A. (2024). Aerobic exercise and weight loss in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review]. Jama Network Open, 7(12), Article 52185. 10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.52185"},{"issue":"4","key":"r15","series-title":"European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.24.08015-8","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial on the effects of traditional Thai mind-body exercise (Ruesi Dadton) on biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]","volume":"60","author":"Khanthong, P.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khanthong, P., Sriyakul, K., Dechakhamphu, A., Krajarng, A., Kamalashiran, C., Jayathavaj, V., & Tungsukruthai, P. (2024). A randomized controlled trial on the effects of traditional Thai mind-body exercise (Ruesi Dadton) on biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 60(4), 604\u2013610. 10.23736\/S1973-9087.24.08015-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"r16","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041902","article-title":"The effect of chair-based exercise on physical function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Systematic Review]","volume":"18","author":"Klempel, N.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klempel, N., Blackburn, N.E., McMullan, I.L., Wilson, J.J., Smith, L., Cunningham, C., O\u2019Sullivan, R., Caserotti, P., & Tully, M.A. (2021). The effect of chair-based exercise on physical function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Systematic Review]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), Article 1902. 10.3390\/ijerph18041902"},{"issue":"1","key":"r17","series-title":"Trials,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07335-8","article-title":"The effects of an e-health brisk walking intervention in increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in physically inactive older people with cognitive frailty: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial [Clinical Trial Protocol; Journal Article]","volume":"24","author":"Kwan, R.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kwan, R., Liu, J., Lee, P.H., Sin, O., Wong, J., Fu, M.R., & Suen, L. (2023). The effects of an e-health brisk walking intervention in increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in physically inactive older people with cognitive frailty: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial [Clinical Trial Protocol; Journal Article]. Trials, 24(1), Article 339. 10.1186\/s13063-023-07335-8"},{"issue":"23","key":"r18","series-title":"JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Association,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13806","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of mild cognitive impairment: A clinical review [Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Review]","volume":"312","author":"Langa, K.M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Langa, K.M., & Levine, D.A. (2014). The diagnosis and management of mild cognitive impairment: A clinical review [Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Review]. JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Association, 312(23), 2551\u20132561. 10.1001\/jama.2014.13806"},{"issue":"1","key":"r19","series-title":"Aging & Mental Health,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2023.2228255","article-title":"The effect of mindfulness-based intervention on cognitively unimpaired older adults\u2019 cognitive function and sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review]","volume":"28","author":"Lannon-Boran, C.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lannon-Boran, C., Hannigan, C., Power, J.M., Lambert, J., & Kelly, M. (2024). The effect of mindfulness-based intervention on cognitively unimpaired older adults\u2019 cognitive function and sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review]. Aging & Mental Health, 28(1), 23\u201335. 10.1080\/13607863.2023.2228255"},{"key":"r20","series-title":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102046","article-title":"Baduanjin mind-body exercise improves logical memory in long-term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]","volume":"51","author":"Li, M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, M., Fang, J., Gao, Y., Wu, Y., Shen, L., Yusubujiang, Y., & Luo, J. (2020). Baduanjin mind-body exercise improves logical memory in long-term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, Article 102046. 10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102046"},{"issue":"4","key":"r21","series-title":"Jpad-Journal of Prevention of Alzheimers Disease,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2024.21","article-title":"Global burden of dementia death from 1990 to 2019, with projections to 2050: An analysis of 2019 global burden of disease study [Journal Article]","volume":"11","author":"Li, Z.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Z., Yang, N., He, L., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Ping, F., Xu, L., Zhang, H., Li, W., & Li, Y. (2024). Global burden of dementia death from 1990 to 2019, with projections to 2050: An analysis of 2019 global burden of disease study [Journal Article]. Jpad-Journal of Prevention of Alzheimers Disease, 11(4), 1013\u20131021. 10.14283\/jpad.2024.21"},{"issue":"12","key":"r22","series-title":"Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2021.0084","article-title":"Can Tai Chi improve cognitive function? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review]","volume":"27","author":"Liu, F.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, F., Chen, X., Nie, P., Lin, S., Guo, J., Chen, J., & Yu, L. (2021). Can Tai Chi improve cognitive function? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review]. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 27(12), 1070\u20131083. 10.1089\/acm.2021.0084"},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.653229","article-title":"Effects of Tai Chi on the executive function and physical fitness of female methamphetamine dependents: A randomized controlled trial [Journal Article]","volume":"12","author":"Menglu, S.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Menglu, S., Ruiwen, L., Suyong, Y., & Dong, Z. (2021). Effects of Tai Chi on the executive function and physical fitness of female methamphetamine dependents: A randomized controlled trial [Journal Article]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, Article 653229. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.653229"},{"issue":"3","key":"r24","series-title":"Lancet Healthy Longevity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00002-7","article-title":"WHO\u2019s report for the decade of healthy ageing 2021-30 sets the stage for globally comparable data on healthy ageing [Journal Article]","volume":"2","author":"Michel, J.P.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Michel, J.P., Leonardi, M., Martin, M., & Prina, M. (2021). WHO\u2019s report for the decade of healthy ageing 2021-30 sets the stage for globally comparable data on healthy ageing [Journal Article]. Lancet Healthy Longevity, 2(3), e121\u2013e122. 10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00002-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"r25","series-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment [Evaluation Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, P.H.S.]","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine, Z.S.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasreddine, Z.S., Phillips, N.A., Bedirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., Cummings, J.L., & Chertkow, H. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment [Evaluation Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, P.H.S.]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(4), 695\u2013699. 10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"r26","series-title":"Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2020-0155","article-title":"Tai Chi for the prevention of falls among older adults: A critical analysis of the evidence [Journal Article; Review]","volume":"29","author":"Nyman, S.R.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nyman, S.R. (2021). Tai Chi for the prevention of falls among older adults: A critical analysis of the evidence [Journal Article; Review]. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 29(2), 343\u2013352. 10.1123\/japa.2020-0155"},{"issue":"4","key":"r27","series-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2004.07.0087","article-title":"Walking speed predicts health status and hospital costs for frail elderly male veterans [Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, Non-P.H.S.]","volume":"42","author":"Purser, J.L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Purser, J.L., Weinberger, M., Cohen, H.J., Pieper, C.F., Morey, M.C., Li, T., Williams, G.R., & Lapuerta, P. (2005). Walking speed predicts health status and hospital costs for frail elderly male veterans [Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, Non-P.H.S.]. Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development, 42(4), 535\u2013546. 10.1682\/JRRD.2004.07.0087"},{"issue":"24","key":"r28","series-title":"Journal of the Royal Thai Army Nurses,","first-page":"279","article-title":"Effect of thengtuk dance exercise on the cognitive function in the elderly","volume":"2","author":"Rongmuang, D.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rongmuang, D., Pauchpanpisan, C., Nakchatree, C., & Tongdee, J. (2023). Effect of thengtuk dance exercise on the cognitive function in the elderly. Journal of the Royal Thai Army Nurses, 2(24), 279\u2013289."},{"key":"r29","series-title":"BMJ-British Medical Journal,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d7679","article-title":"How fast does the Grim Reaper walk? Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis in healthy men aged 70 and over [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]","volume":"343","author":"Stanaway, F.F.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stanaway, F.F., Gnjidic, D., Blyth, F.M., Le Couteur, D.G., Naganathan, V., Waite, L., Seibel, M.J., Handelsman, D.J., Sambrook, P.N., & Cumming, R.G. (2011). How fast does the Grim Reaper walk? Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis in healthy men aged 70 and over [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]. BMJ-British Medical Journal, 343, Article d7679. 10.1136\/bmj.d7679"},{"issue":"2","key":"r30","series-title":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968317753682","article-title":"Tai Chi improves cognition and plasma BDNF in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]","volume":"32","author":"Sungkarat, S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sungkarat, S., Boripuntakul, S., Kumfu, S., Lord, S.R., & Chattipakorn, N. (2018). Tai Chi improves cognition and plasma BDNF in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 32(2), 142\u2013149. 10.1177\/1545968317753682"},{"issue":"4","key":"r31","series-title":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100186","article-title":"The effects of adapted mind-body exercises on physical function, quality of life and wellbeing for older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Review; Systematic Review]","volume":"28","author":"Tanhamira, L.A.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanhamira, L.A., Randhawa, G., & Hewson, D. (2024). The effects of adapted mind-body exercises on physical function, quality of life and wellbeing for older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Review; Systematic Review]. Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging, 28(4), Article 100186. 10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100186"},{"key":"r32","series-title":"Ageing Research Reviews,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102120","article-title":"The effectiveness of dance movement interventions for older adults with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and dementia: A systematic scoping review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Scoping Review]","volume":"92","author":"Tao, D.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tao, D., Awan-Scully, R., Ash, G.I., Pei, Z., Gu, Y., Gao, Y., Cole, A., & Baker, J.S. (2023). The effectiveness of dance movement interventions for older adults with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and dementia: A systematic scoping review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Scoping Review]. Ageing Research Reviews, 92, Article 102120. 10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102120"},{"issue":"1","key":"r33","series-title":"Scientific Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41581","article-title":"Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin practice modulates functional connectivity of the cognitive control network in older adults [Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]","volume":"7","author":"Tao, J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tao, J., Chen, X., Egorova, N., Liu, J., Xue, X., Wang, Q., Zheng, G., Li, M., Hong, W., Sun, S., Chen, L., & Kong, J. (2017). Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin practice modulates functional connectivity of the cognitive control network in older adults [Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]. Scientific Reports, 7(1), Article 41581. 10.1038\/srep41581"},{"issue":"2","key":"r34","series-title":"Journal of Alzheimers Disease,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170477","article-title":"Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin increase grey matter volume in older adults: A brain imaging study [Journal Article]","volume":"60","author":"Tao, J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tao, J., Liu, J., Liu, W., Huang, J., Xue, X., Chen, X., Wu, J., Zheng, G., Chen, B., Li, M., Sun, S., Jorgenson, K., Lang, C., Hu, K., Chen, S., Chen, L., & Kong, J. (2017). Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin increase grey matter volume in older adults: A brain imaging study [Journal Article]. Journal of Alzheimers Disease, 60(2), 389\u2013400. 10.3233\/JAD-170477"},{"issue":"3","key":"r35","series-title":"Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.18.3.261","article-title":"Effects of Tai Chi and Western exercise on physical and cognitive functioning in healthy community-dwelling older adults [Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, P.H.S.]","volume":"18","author":"Taylor-Piliae, R.E.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Taylor-Piliae, R.E., Newell, K.A., Cherin, R., Lee, M.J., King, A.C., & Haskell, W.L. (2010). Effects of Tai Chi and Western exercise on physical and cognitive functioning in healthy community-dwelling older adults [Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, P.H.S.]. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 18(3), 261\u2013279. 10.1123\/japa.18.3.261"},{"issue":"12","key":"r36","series-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000912","article-title":"Effects of mind-body exercise on cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review]","volume":"206","author":"Wang, S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, S., Yin, H., Jia, Y., Zhao, L., Wang, L., & Chen, L. (2018). Effects of mind-body exercise on cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review]. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 206(12), 913\u2013924. 10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000912"},{"issue":"4","key":"r37","series-title":"European Geriatric Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00639-z","article-title":"Mind-body therapies for older adults with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; Systematic Review]","volume":"13","author":"Wang, Y.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Tang, C., Fan, X., Shirai, K., & Dong, J.Y. (2022). Mind-body therapies for older adults with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; Systematic Review]. European Geriatric Medicine, 13(4), 881\u2013891. 10.1007\/s41999-022-00639-z"},{"issue":"4","key":"r38","series-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15714","article-title":"Effects of mind-body exercises on cognitive function in older adults: A meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Systematic Review]","volume":"67","author":"Wu, C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu, C., Yi, Q., Zheng, X., Cui, S., Chen, B., Lu, L., & Tang, C. (2019). Effects of mind-body exercises on cognitive function in older adults: A meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Systematic Review]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(4), 749\u2013758. 10.1111\/jgs.15714"},{"key":"r39","series-title":"Science & Sports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2022.03.015","article-title":"Combined training prescriptions for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials [Journal Article; Review]","volume":"3","author":"Wu, Z.J.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, Z.J., Han, C., Wang, Z.Y., & Li, F.H. (2023). Combined training prescriptions for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials [Journal Article; Review]. Science & Sports, 3, Article 15. 10.1016\/j.scispo.2022.03.015"},{"issue":"1","key":"r40","series-title":"BMC Geriatrics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01521-y","article-title":"Relationships of accelerometer-based measured objective physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cognitive function: A comparative cross-sectional study of China\u2019s elderly population [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]","volume":"20","author":"Wu, Z.J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu, Z.J., Wang, Z.Y., Hu, B.Q., Zhang, X.H., Zhang, F., Wang, H.L., & Li, F.H. (2020). Relationships of accelerometer-based measured objective physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cognitive function: A comparative cross-sectional study of China\u2019s elderly population [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]. BMC Geriatrics, 20(1), Article 149. 10.1186\/s12877-020-01521-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"r41","series-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3620534","article-title":"Tai Chi is effective in delaying cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Review]","volume":"2020","author":"Yang, J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, J., Zhang, L., Tang, Q., Wang, F., Li, Y., Peng, H., & Wang, S. (2020). Tai Chi is effective in delaying cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Review]. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020(1), Article 3620534. 10.1155\/2020\/3620534"},{"key":"r42","series-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00476","article-title":"Effects of Tai Chi chuan on inhibitory control in elderly women: An fNIRS study","volume":"13","author":"Yang, Y.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Chen, T., Shao, M., Yan, S., Yue, G.H., & Jiang, C. (2020). Effects of Tai Chi chuan on inhibitory control in elderly women: An fNIRS study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 13, Article 476. 10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00476"},{"key":"r43","series-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104912","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise on executive function of healthy middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; Systematic Review]","volume":"160","author":"Ye, M.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ye, M., Song, T., Xia, H., Hou, Y., & Chen, A. (2024). Effects of aerobic exercise on executive function of healthy middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; Systematic Review]. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 160, Article 104912. 10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104912"},{"issue":"3","key":"r44","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031216","article-title":"Physical activity improves cognition and activities of daily living in adults with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; Systematic Review]","volume":"19","author":"Zhou, S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou, S., Chen, S., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Zhao, M., & Li, W. (2022). Physical activity improves cognition and activities of daily living in adults with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; Systematic Review]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), Article 1216. 10.3390\/ijerph19031216"}],"container-title":["Journal of Aging and Physical Activity"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/japa\/aop\/article-10.1123-japa.2025-0058\/article-10.1123-japa.2025-0058.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/japa\/aop\/article-10.1123-japa.2025-0058\/article-10.1123-japa.2025-0058.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:00:32Z","timestamp":1794016832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/japa\/aop\/article-10.1123-japa.2025-0058\/article-10.1123-japa.2025-0058.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":45,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/japa.2025-0058","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-8652","1543-267X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-8652","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-267X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}