{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:27:46Z","timestamp":1784741266207,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The purpose of this study was to compare estimates of 24-hr activity using the best practice of a thigh accelerometer (activPAL), wrist actigraphy (Actiwatch), and a sleep diary (<jats:italic>PAL<\/jats:italic>\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>watch<\/jats:italic>\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>diary<\/jats:italic>) with estimates from simpler procedures, such as the thigh accelerometer and diary (<jats:italic>PAL<\/jats:italic>\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>diary<\/jats:italic>) or thigh monitor alone (<jats:italic>PAL only<\/jats:italic>) during pregnancy. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Data collected during the second trimester from 40 randomly selected participants in the Pregnancy 24\/7 cohort study were included. activPAL data were integrated with sleep time determined by wrist actigraphy (<jats:italic>PAL<\/jats:italic>\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>watch<\/jats:italic>\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>diary<\/jats:italic>) or diary-determined sleep (<jats:italic>PAL<\/jats:italic>\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>diary<\/jats:italic>). In the <jats:italic>PAL only<\/jats:italic> analysis, average estimates were exported directly from the PAL software. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and intraclass correlations coefficients compared moderate\u2013vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity, sedentary time, sleep, and wear time across measurement approaches. Pairwise comparisons using a Bonferroni correction explored significant differences identified from the omnibus analysis of variance. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The three approaches arrived at consistent durations of physical activity (intraclass correlations coefficients\u2009&gt;\u2009.95) but not for estimating sedentary behavior and sleep durations (intraclass correlations coefficients: .73\u2013.82). <jats:italic>PAL<\/jats:italic>\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>diary<\/jats:italic> overestimated MVPA by 2.3\u00a0min\/day (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) compared with <jats:italic>PAL<\/jats:italic>\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>diary<\/jats:italic>\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>watch<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>PAL only<\/jats:italic> overestimated sleep (25.3\u201329.0\u00a0min\/day, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) while underestimating MVPA (11.7\u201314.0\u00a0min\/day, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) compared with the other approaches. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Since the inclusion of the wrist actigraphy provided only slight differences in MVPA estimates, <jats:italic>PAL<\/jats:italic>\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>diary<\/jats:italic> may provide acceptable estimates of 24-hr activity during pregnancy in future research. <jats:italic>PAL only<\/jats:italic> may be acceptable when exclusively interested in physical activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jmpb.2024-0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T23:06:07Z","timestamp":1732057567000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparing Multiple Approaches to Estimate Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep in Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4037-7596","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacob B.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1599-1809","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Boonstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3351-0173","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaclyn D.","family":"Borrowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"McKenzie","family":"Unke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7919-5247","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1025-9430","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Kline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0732-6148","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bethany","family":"Barone Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2343-4162","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kara M.","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"Journal of Physical Activity and Health,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.8.1.45","article-title":"Determination of step rate thresholds corresponding to physical activity intensity classifications in adults","volume":"8","author":"Abel, M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abel, M., Hannon, J., Mullineaux, D., & Beighle, A. 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