{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:01:25Z","timestamp":1791529285087,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Adverse childhood experiences, depressive symptoms, and functional dependence are interrelated. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. The authors investigated the potential of depressive symptoms to mediate the effect of adverse childhood experiences on functional dependence in older age and whether physical activity moderated this mediation.\n                    <jats:bold>Method<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Data from 25,775 adults aged 62 (9)\u00a0years from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe were used in adjusted linear mixed-effects models to test whether depressive symptoms mediated the associations between adverse childhood experiences and functional dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) and whether physical activity moderated these mediations.\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The results showed a graded association between the number of adverse childhood experiences (0 vs 1 and 0 vs \u22652) and the number of functional limitations in both ADL (\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    s\u2009=\u20090.040 and 0.067) and IADL (\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    s\u2009=\u20090.046 and 0.076). These associations were mediated by depressive symptoms. Physical activity reduced the effect of adverse childhood experiences on depressive symptoms (\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    s\u2009=\u2009\u22120.179 and \u22120.515) and tempered the effect of depressive symptoms on functional dependence both in ADL (\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.073) and IADL (\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.100). As a result of these reductions, the effect of adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms on functional dependence in ADL (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    s\u2009&gt;\u2009.081) and IADL (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    s\u2009&gt;\u2009.528) was nonsignificant in physically active participants.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : These findings suggest that, after age 50, engaging in physical activity more than once a week protects functional independence from the detrimental effects of adverse childhood experiences and depression. In inactive individuals, the detrimental effects of adverse childhood experiences on functional dependence are mediated by depressive symptoms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2019-0133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T03:30:11Z","timestamp":1595302211000},"page":"790-799","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Adverse Childhood Experiences, Depressive Symptoms, Functional Dependence, and Physical Activity: A Moderated Mediation Model"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Matthieu P.","family":"Boisgontier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Orsholits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"von Arx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Sieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Courvoisier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maura D.","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Cullati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Cheval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.07.014","article-title":"Age-related differences in attentional cost associated with postural dual tasks: increased recruitment of generic cognitive resources in older adults","volume":"37","author":"Boisgontier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001472","article-title":"Effect of early- and adult-life socioeconomic circumstances on physical inactivity","volume":"50","author":"Cheval","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000857","article-title":"Relationship between decline in cognitive resources and physical activity","volume":"39","author":"Cheval","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/tsq.12107","article-title":"Long term physical health consequences of adverse childhood experiences","volume":"56","author":"Monnat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sociol Q"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2005.03.003","article-title":"Depression, activities of daily living, and quality of life of community-dwelling elderly in three Asian countries: Indonesia, Vietnam, and Japan","volume":"41","author":"Wada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1212","article-title":"Association of team sports participation with long-term mental health outcomes among individuals exposed to adverse childhood experiences","volume":"173","author":"Easterlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520220035028","article-title":"Common mental disorders and disability across cultures. 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