{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:16:22Z","timestamp":1789690582231,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> In the United States, many classroom teachers also teach physical education (PE). However, there is a dearth of evidence- and standard-based PE programs designed to support classroom teachers to deliver PE effectively in schools. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The purpose of this study was to establish proof-of-concept for the <jats:italic>Pocket PE 3\u20135<\/jats:italic> digital app in school settings with 10 third- to fifth-grade classroom teachers. We assessed fidelity of program implementation, measured via observations of PE quality. Students used wrist-worn heart rate monitors during <jats:italic>Pocket PE 3\u20135<\/jats:italic> lessons to measure time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity. Program feasibility was primarily assessed through teacher-reported surveys of usability, satisfaction, and acceptability and exit interviews. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Mean PE observation scores were 18.6 (SD\u2009=\u20091.5) on a scale of 5 to 20. On average, students spent 56.7% (SD\u2009=\u200913.1%) of class time engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity. Mean survey scores, reported on a 5-point scale, were 4.5 (SD\u2009=\u20090.6) for acceptability, 4.8 (SD\u2009=\u20090.4) for usability, and 4.7 (SD\u2009=\u20090.7) for satisfaction. Teachers liked how easy the app was to use but mentioned some technological challenges. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> This program evaluation study established the proof-of-concept for the <jats:italic>Pocket PE 3\u20135<\/jats:italic> elementary school PE program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2023-0422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T16:49:01Z","timestamp":1712076541000},"page":"606-615","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Preliminary Program Evaluation of Pocket PE 3\u20135\u2122, A User-Friendly Digital Application for Teacher Skills Training and Physical Education Activities for Third- to Fifth-Grade Elementary Students"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4269-623X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeanette","family":"Ricci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saavsus, Inc, Eugene, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Johnson-Shelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saavsus, Inc, Eugene, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4046-147X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erika","family":"Westling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Dynamic Physical Education for Elementary School Children","author":"Pangrazi RP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pangrazi RP, Beighle A. Dynamic Physical Education for Elementary School Children. Human Kinetics Publishers; 2019."},{"key":"r2","article-title":"The 2018 United States report card on physical activity for children and youth","year":"2018","unstructured":"National Physical Activity Plan Alliance. The 2018 United States report card on physical activity for children and youth. 2018. http:\/\/physicalactivityplan.org\/projects\/reportcard.html. Accessed July 13, 2023."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School","year":"2013","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (IOM). Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School. The National Academies Press; 2013. https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/18314\/educating-the-student-body-taking-physical-activity-and-physicaleducation. Accessed July 15, 2023."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Prev Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.11.012","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of physical activity policies in schools: a systematic review","volume":"107","author":"Nathan N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nathan N, Elton B, Babic M, et\u00a0al. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of physical activity policies in schools: a systematic review. Prev Med. 2018;107:45\u201353. doi:10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.11.012"},{"issue":"8","key":"r5","series-title":"Psychol Schools","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.22272","article-title":"Pilot study for the fidelity, acceptability, and effectiveness of a PBIS program plus mental health supports in under\u2010resourced urban schools","volume":"56","author":"Eiraldi R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eiraldi R, McCurdy B, Schwartz B, et\u00a0al. Pilot study for the fidelity, acceptability, and effectiveness of a PBIS program plus mental health supports in under\u2010resourced urban schools. Psychol Schools. 2019;56(8):1230\u20131245. doi:10.1002\/pits.22272"},{"key":"r6","article-title":"Results from the school health policies and practices study","year":"2014","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results from the school health policies and practices study. 2014. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\/data\/shpps\/pdf\/SHPPS-508-final_101315.pdf. Accessed July 15, 2023."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Pediatr Obes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12846","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on elementary schoolers\u2019 physical activity, sleep, screen time and diet: a quasi-experimental interrupted time series study","volume":"2021","author":"Burkart S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burkart S, Parker H, Weaver RG, et\u00a0al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on elementary schoolers\u2019 physical activity, sleep, screen time and diet: a quasi-experimental interrupted time series study. Pediatr Obes. 2021;2021:e12846. doi:10.1111\/ijpo.12846"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"r8","series-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.66.s2.34","article-title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of physical fitness","volume":"66","author":"Pinho CS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pinho CS, Caria ACI, Aras J\u00fanior R, Pitanga FJG. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of physical fitness. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2020;66(suppl 2):34\u201337. doi:10.1590\/1806-9282.66.s2.34"},{"issue":"4","key":"r9","series-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2020.04.013","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents\u2019 lifestyle behavior larger than expected","volume":"63","author":"Xiang M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiang M, Zhang Z, Kuwahara K. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents\u2019 lifestyle behavior larger than expected. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;63(4):531\u2013532. doi:10.1016\/j.pcad.2020.04.013"},{"issue":"21","key":"r10","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111440","article-title":"Physical activity of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014a scoping review","volume":"18","author":"Rossi L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rossi L, Behme N, Breuer C. Physical activity of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014a scoping review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21):11440. doi:10.3390\/ijerph182111440"},{"issue":"11","key":"r11","series-title":"Circulation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177052","article-title":"Promoting physical activity in children and youth: a leadership role for schools: a scientific statement from the american heart association council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism (Physical Activity Committee) in collaboration with the councils on cardiovascular disease in the young and cardiovascular nursing","volume":"114","author":"Pate RR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pate RR, Davis MG, Robinson TN, et\u00a0al. Promoting physical activity in children and youth: a leadership role for schools: a scientific statement from the american heart association council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism (Physical Activity Committee) in collaboration with the councils on cardiovascular disease in the young and cardiovascular nursing. Circulation. 2006;114(11):1214\u20131224. doi:10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177052"},{"issue":"1","key":"r12","series-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1515\/IJAMH.2005.17.1.3","article-title":"A review of longitudinal studies on youth predictors of adulthood physical activity","volume":"17","author":"Tammelin T","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tammelin T. A review of longitudinal studies on youth predictors of adulthood physical activity. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2005;17(1):3\u201312. doi:10.1515\/IJAMH.2005.17.1.3"},{"key":"r13","series-title":"The Association Between School-Based Physical Activity, Including Physical Education, and Academic Performance","year":"2010","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Association Between School-Based Physical Activity, Including Physical Education, and Academic Performance. US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; 2010. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\/health_and_academics\/pdf\/pa-pe_paper.pdf. Accessed July 10, 2023."},{"issue":"18","key":"r14","series-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.020","article-title":"Childhood cardiovascular risk factors and midlife cognitive performance: time to act on primordial prevention","volume":"69","author":"Lloyd-Jones DM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB. Childhood cardiovascular risk factors and midlife cognitive performance: time to act on primordial prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(18):2290\u20132292. doi:10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.020"},{"issue":"4","key":"r15","series-title":"Psychol Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2015.1111372","article-title":"Self-efficacy versus perceived enjoyment as predictors of physical activity behaviour","volume":"31","author":"Lewis BA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lewis BA, Williams DM, Frayeh A, Marcus BH. Self-efficacy versus perceived enjoyment as predictors of physical activity behaviour. Psychol Health. 2016;31(4):456\u2013469. doi:10.1080\/08870446.2015.1111372"},{"issue":"9","key":"r16","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2015.11.003","article-title":"Perceived physical competence towards physical activity, and motivation and enjoyment in physical education as longitudinal predictors of adolescents\u2019 self-reported physical activity","volume":"19","author":"Timo J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Timo J, Sami YP, Anthony W, Jarmo L. Perceived physical competence towards physical activity, and motivation and enjoyment in physical education as longitudinal predictors of adolescents\u2019 self-reported physical activity. J Sci Med Sport. 2016;19(9):750\u2013754. doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2015.11.003"},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Prev Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.12.008","article-title":"Energy expenditure estimates during school physical education: Potential vs. reality?","volume":"95","author":"Kahan D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kahan D, McKenzie TL. Energy expenditure estimates during school physical education: Potential vs. reality? Prev Med. 2017;95:82\u201388. doi:10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.12.008"},{"key":"r18","article-title":"2016 Shape of the Nation\u2014Status of Physical Education in the USA","year":"2016","unstructured":"SHAPE America. 2016 Shape of the Nation\u2014Status of Physical Education in the USA. 2016. https:\/\/www.shapeamerica.org\/uploads\/pdfs\/son\/Shape-of-the-Nation-2016_web.pdf. Accessed July 10, 2023."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Wisconsin\u2014US Physical Education and Physical Activity Policy (US-PEPAP) Implementation Surveillance Data","author":"Kern BD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kern BD, Wilson W, Simonton K, et\u00a0al. Wisconsin\u2014US Physical Education and Physical Activity Policy (US-PEPAP) Implementation Surveillance Data. University of Wyoming Dataset; 2022."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"California\u2014US Physical Education and Physical Activity Policy (US-PEPAP) Implementation Surveillance Data","author":"Kern BD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kern BD, Wilson W, Simonton K, et\u00a0al. California\u2014US Physical Education and Physical Activity Policy (US-PEPAP) Implementation Surveillance Data. University of Wyoming Dataset; 2022."},{"key":"r21","series-title":"Oregon\u2014US Physical Education and Physical Activity Policy (US-PEPAP) Implementation Surveillance Data","author":"Kern BD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kern BD, Wilson W, Simonton K, et\u00a0al. Oregon\u2014US Physical Education and Physical Activity Policy (US-PEPAP) Implementation Surveillance Data. University of Wyoming Dataset; 2022."},{"issue":"2","key":"r22","series-title":"J Phy Act Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2021-0505","article-title":"Program evaluation of healthy moves\u2122: a community-based trainer in residence professional development program to support generalist teachers with physical education instruction","volume":"19","author":"Johnson-Shelton D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Johnson-Shelton D, Ricci J, Westling E, Peterson M, Rusby JC. Program evaluation of healthy moves\u2122: a community-based trainer in residence professional development program to support generalist teachers with physical education instruction. J Phy Act Health. 2022;19(2):125\u2013131. doi:10.1123\/jpah.2021-0505"},{"issue":"1","key":"r23","series-title":"Kinesiology Review","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1123\/kr.2016-0038","article-title":"School physical activity: policy matters","volume":"6","author":"Lounsbery MA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lounsbery MA. School physical activity: policy matters. Kinesiology Review. 2017;6(1):51\u201359. doi:10.1123\/kr.2016-0038"},{"issue":"3","key":"r24","series-title":"J Sport Health Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2021.01.006","article-title":"The evidence for the impact of policy on physical activity outcomes within the school setting: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Woods CB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Woods CB, Volf K, Kelly L, et\u00a0al. The evidence for the impact of policy on physical activity outcomes within the school setting: a systematic review. J Sport Health Sci. 2021;10(3):263\u2013276. doi:10.1016\/j.jshs.2021.01.006"},{"issue":"3","key":"r25","series-title":"Meas Phys Edu Exerc Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/1091367X.2021.1874955","article-title":"Fundamental movement skills and their assessment in primary schools from the perspective of teachers","volume":"25","author":"Eddy L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eddy L, Hill LJ, Mon-Williams M, et\u00a0al. Fundamental movement skills and their assessment in primary schools from the perspective of teachers. Meas Phys Edu Exerc Sci. 2021;25(3):236\u2013249. doi:10.1080\/1091367X.2021.1874955"},{"issue":"2","key":"r26","series-title":"Eur Phys Edu Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1177\/1356336X19867731","article-title":"Classroom teachers\u2019 and administrators\u2019 views of teaching health and physical education","volume":"26","author":"Banville D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Banville D, Dyson B, Kulinna PH, Stylianou M. Classroom teachers\u2019 and administrators\u2019 views of teaching health and physical education. Eur Phys Edu Rev. 2020;26(2):448\u2013464. doi:10.1177\/1356336X19867731"},{"issue":"2","key":"r27","series-title":"Prev Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2012.12.004","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school physical education lessons","volume":"56","author":"Lonsdale C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lonsdale C, Rosenkranz RR, Peralta LR, Bennie A, Fahey P, Lubans DR. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school physical education lessons. Prev Med. 2013;56(2):152\u2013161. doi:10.1016\/j.ypmed.2012.12.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"r28","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0561-6","article-title":"Characteristics of teacher training in school-based physical education interventions to improve fundamental movement skills and\/or physical activity: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Lander N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lander N, Eather N, Morgan PJ, Salmon J, Barnett LM. Characteristics of teacher training in school-based physical education interventions to improve fundamental movement skills and\/or physical activity: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2017;47(1):135\u2013161. doi:10.1007\/s40279-016-0561-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"r29","series-title":"Eur Phy Edu Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/1356336X11416734","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of physical education and school sport interventions targeting physical activity, movement skills and enjoyment of physical activity","volume":"17","author":"Dudley D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dudley D, Okely A, Pearson P, Cotton W. A systematic review of the effectiveness of physical education and school sport interventions targeting physical activity, movement skills and enjoyment of physical activity. Eur Phy Edu Rev. 2011;17(3):353\u2013378. doi:10.1177\/1356336X11416734"},{"issue":"9","key":"r30","series-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.06.012","article-title":"The effect of physical activity interventions on children\u2019s cognition and metacognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Alvarez-Bueno C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alvarez-Bueno C, Pesce C, Cavero-Redondo I, Sanchez-Lopez M, Mart\u00ednez-Hortelano JA, Martinez-Vizcaino V. The effect of physical activity interventions on children\u2019s cognition and metacognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;56(9):729\u2013738. doi:10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.06.012"},{"issue":"1","key":"r31","series-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-017-0569-9","article-title":"Effect of classroom-based physical activity interventions on academic and physical activity outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Watson A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Watson A, Timperio A, Brown H, Best K, Hesketh KD. Effect of classroom-based physical activity interventions on academic and physical activity outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14(1):114. doi:10.1186\/s12966-017-0569-9"},{"key":"r32","article-title":"National PE standards","year":"2013","unstructured":"SHAPE America. National PE standards. 2013. https:\/\/www.shapeamerica.org\/standards\/pe\/default.aspx. Accessed July 20, 2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"r33","series-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827615624417","article-title":"Associations of objectively measured vigorous physical activity with body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic health in youth: a review","volume":"13","author":"Gralla MH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gralla MH, McDonald SM, Breneman C, Beets MW, Moore JB. Associations of objectively measured vigorous physical activity with body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic health in youth: a review. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2019;13(1):61\u201397. doi:10.1177\/1559827615624417"},{"issue":"1","key":"r34","series-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-016-0474-y","article-title":"Association between physical activity and health-related quality of life in children: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Wafa SW","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wafa SW, Shahril MR, Ahmad A, et\u00a0al. Association between physical activity and health-related quality of life in children: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016;14(1):71. doi:10.1186\/s12955-016-0474-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"r35","series-title":"J Phys Act Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.7.2.184","article-title":"Correlates of physical activity in black, hispanic, and white middle school girls","volume":"7","author":"Kelly EB","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kelly EB, Parra-Medina D, Pfeiffer KA, et\u00a0al. Correlates of physical activity in black, hispanic, and white middle school girls. J Phys Act Health. 2010;7(2):184\u2013193. doi:10.1123\/jpah.7.2.184"},{"issue":"3","key":"r36","series-title":"Obesity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E280","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20118","article-title":"Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with decreases in body mass index from ages 9 to 15\u00a0years","volume":"21","author":"Mitchell JA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mitchell JA, Pate RR, Espa\u00f1a-Romero V, O\u2019Neill JR, Dowda M, Nader PR. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with decreases in body mass index from ages 9 to 15\u00a0years. Obesity. 2013;21(3):E280\u2013E293. doi:10.1002\/oby.20118"},{"key":"r37","series-title":"Feasibility and Efficacy of Fitness-and Skill-Based High-Intensity Interval Exercise Protocols in Children","author":"Ricci J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ricci J. Feasibility and Efficacy of Fitness-and Skill-Based High-Intensity Interval Exercise Protocols in Children (Doctoral dissertation). Michigan State University; 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"r38","series-title":"J Athl Train","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.08","article-title":"Integrative neuromuscular training and sex-specific fitness performance in 7-year-old children: an exploratory investigation","volume":"49","author":"Faigenbaum AD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Faigenbaum AD, Myer GD, Farrell A, et\u00a0al. Integrative neuromuscular training and sex-specific fitness performance in 7-year-old children: an exploratory investigation. J Athl Train. 2014;49(2):145\u2013153. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.08"},{"issue":"1","key":"r39","series-title":"Phys Edu","first-page":"37","article-title":"\u201cPlyo Play\u201d: a novel program of short bouts of moderate and high intensity exercise improves physical fitness in elementary school children","volume":"66","author":"Faigenbaum A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faigenbaum A, Farrell A, Radler T, et\u00a0al. \u201cPlyo Play\u201d: a novel program of short bouts of moderate and high intensity exercise improves physical fitness in elementary school children. Phys Edu. 2009;66(1):37\u201344."},{"issue":"7","key":"r40","series-title":"J Phys Edu, Recre Dance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2006.10597903","article-title":"Medicine ball for all: a novel program that enhances physical fitness in school-age youths","volume":"77","author":"Faigenbaum A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Faigenbaum A, Mediate P. Medicine ball for all: a novel program that enhances physical fitness in school-age youths. J Phys Edu, Recre Dance. 2006;77(7):25\u201345. doi:10.1080\/07303084.2006.10597903"},{"issue":"1","key":"r41","series-title":"J Hum Kinet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2013-0036","article-title":"Effects of a circuit training program on muscular and cardiovascular endurance and their maintenance in schoolchildren","volume":"37","author":"Mayorga-Vega D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mayorga-Vega D, Viciana J, Cocca A. Effects of a circuit training program on muscular and cardiovascular endurance and their maintenance in schoolchildren. J Hum Kinet. 2013;37(1):153\u2013160. doi:10.2478\/hukin-2013-0036"},{"issue":"12","key":"r42","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3348","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001859","article-title":"The Effects of 10-week integrated neuromuscular training on fundamental movement skills and physical self-efficacy in 6-7-year-old children","volume":"32","author":"Duncan MJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duncan MJ, Eyre ELJ, Oxford SW. The Effects of 10-week integrated neuromuscular training on fundamental movement skills and physical self-efficacy in 6-7-year-old children. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(12):3348\u20133356. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001859"},{"issue":"1","key":"r43","series-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-017-0479-x","article-title":"Framework for the design and delivery of organized physical activity sessions for children and adolescents: rationale and description of the \u2018SAAFE\u2019 teaching principles","volume":"14","author":"Lubans DR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lubans DR, Lonsdale C, Cohen K, et\u00a0al. Framework for the design and delivery of organized physical activity sessions for children and adolescents: rationale and description of the \u2018SAAFE\u2019 teaching principles. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14(1):479. doi:10.1186\/s12966-017-0479-x"},{"key":"r44","article-title":"Grade-level outcomes for K\u201312 physical education","year":"2014","unstructured":"SHAPE America. Grade-level outcomes for K\u201312 physical education. 2014. https:\/\/www.shapeamerica.org\/Common\/Uploaded%20files\/document_manager\/standards\/pe\/Grade-Level-Outcomes-for-K-12-Physical-Education.pdf. Accessed October 01, 2023."},{"issue":"12","key":"r45","series-title":"Children","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children7120299","article-title":"Process evaluation of a school-based high-intensity interval training program for older adolescents: the burn 2 learn cluster randomised controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Kennedy SG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kennedy SG, Leahy AA, Smith JJ, et\u00a0al. Process evaluation of a school-based high-intensity interval training program for older adolescents: the burn 2 learn cluster randomised controlled trial. Children. 2020;7(12):299. doi:10.3390\/children7120299"},{"issue":"1","key":"r46","series-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2018-0039","article-title":"Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a teacher-facilitated high-intensity interval training intervention for older adolescents","volume":"31","author":"Leahy AA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leahy AA, Eather N, Smith JJ, et\u00a0al. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a teacher-facilitated high-intensity interval training intervention for older adolescents. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2019;31(1):107\u2013117. doi:10.1123\/pes.2018-0039"},{"key":"r47","series-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2022.2110557","article-title":"Program evaluation and preliminary efficacy of fitness and skill-based high-intensity interval training in physical education","volume":"10","author":"Ricci JM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ricci JM, Currie KD, Astorino TA, Erickson K, Pfeiffer KA. Program evaluation and preliminary efficacy of fitness and skill-based high-intensity interval training in physical education. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2022;10:557. doi:10.1080\/02701367.2022.2110557"},{"key":"r48","article-title":"Integrative health technologies\u2014Heart rate zone wall banner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Integrative Health Technologies. Integrative health technologies\u2014Heart rate zone wall banner. 2023. https:\/\/shop.ihtusa.com\/products\/iht-spirit-banner. Accessed October 30, 2023."},{"issue":"194","key":"r49","series-title":"Usabil Eval Ind","first-page":"4","article-title":"SUS-A quick and dirty usability scale","volume":"189","author":"Brooke J","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brooke J. SUS-A quick and dirty usability scale. Usabil Eval Ind. 1996;189(194):4\u20137."},{"key":"r50","article-title":"Customer Satisfaction Survey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qualtrics. Customer Satisfaction Survey. 2023. https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com\/marketplace\/customer-satisfaction-survey\/. Accessed July 21, 2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"r51","series-title":"J School Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4405(91)90014-I","article-title":"The behavior intervention rating scale: development and validation of a pretreatment acceptability and effectiveness measure","volume":"29","author":"Elliott S","year":"1991","unstructured":"Elliott S, Treuting M. The behavior intervention rating scale: development and validation of a pretreatment acceptability and effectiveness measure. J School Psychol. 1991;29(1):43\u201351. doi:10.1016\/0022-4405(91)90014-I"},{"key":"r52","series-title":"Prev Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.018","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels in elementary school physical education lessons","volume":"86","author":"Hollis JL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hollis JL, Williams AJ, Sutherland R, et\u00a0al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels in elementary school physical education lessons. Prev Med. 2016;86:34\u201354. doi:10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.018"},{"key":"r53","series-title":"Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis","author":"Auerbach C","year":"2003","unstructured":"Auerbach C, Silverstein LB. Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis. Vol. 21. NYU Press; 2003."},{"issue":"1","key":"r54","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12902","article-title":"Influence of a 2- to 6-year physical education intervention on scholastic performance: the CHAMPS study-DK","volume":"28","author":"Bugge A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bugge A, M\u00f6ller S, Tarp J, et\u00a0al. Influence of a 2- to 6-year physical education intervention on scholastic performance: the CHAMPS study-DK. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28(1):228\u2013236. doi:10.1111\/sms.12902"},{"key":"r55","series-title":"Moving Ahead: School-Based Interventions to Reduce Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behaviour","author":"Novella M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Novella M, Santos J, Brichta J. Moving Ahead: School-Based Interventions to Reduce Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behaviour. The Conference Board of Canada; 2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"r56","series-title":"J Sch Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12717","article-title":"The patterns of moderate to vigorous physical activity and physical education enjoyment through a 2-year school-based program","volume":"89","author":"Gr\u00e5st\u00e9n A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gr\u00e5st\u00e9n A, Yli-Piipari S. The patterns of moderate to vigorous physical activity and physical education enjoyment through a 2-year school-based program. J Sch Health. 2019;89(2):88\u201398. doi:10.1111\/josh.12717"},{"issue":"3","key":"r57","series-title":"J Sport Health Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2017.03.001","article-title":"School-based physical activity interventions for children and youth: keys for success","volume":"6","author":"Gr\u00e5st\u00e9n A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gr\u00e5st\u00e9n A. School-based physical activity interventions for children and youth: keys for success. J Sport Health Sci. 2017;6(3):290\u2013291. doi:10.1016\/j.jshs.2017.03.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"r58","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182518010","article-title":"The effect of variety on physical activity: a cross-sectional study","volume":"27","author":"Juvancic-Heltzel JA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Juvancic-Heltzel JA, Glickman EL, Barkley JE. The effect of variety on physical activity: a cross-sectional study. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(1):244\u2013251. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182518010"},{"issue":"8","key":"r59","series-title":"Am J Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.8.1328","article-title":"The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. sports, play and active recreation for kids","volume":"87","author":"Sallis JF","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sallis JF, McKenzie TL, Alcaraz JE, Kolody B, Faucette N, Hovell MF. The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. sports, play and active recreation for kids. Am J Public Health. 1997;87(8):1328\u20131334. doi:10.2105\/AJPH.87.8.1328"},{"issue":"4","key":"r60","series-title":"Prev Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1996.0076","article-title":"The effects of the child and adolescent trial for cardiovascular health upon psychosocial determinants of diet and physical activity behavior","volume":"25","author":"Edmundson E","year":"1996","unstructured":"Edmundson E, Parcel GS, Feldman HA, et\u00a0al. The effects of the child and adolescent trial for cardiovascular health upon psychosocial determinants of diet and physical activity behavior. Prev Med. 1996;25(4):442\u2013454. doi:10.1006\/pmed.1996.0076"}],"container-title":["Journal of Physical Activity and Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jpah\/21\/6\/article-p606.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jpah\/21\/6\/article-p606.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jpah\/21\/6\/article-p606.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:23:47Z","timestamp":1716942227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jpah\/21\/6\/article-p606.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jpah.2023-0422","relation":{},"ISSN":["1543-3080","1543-5474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1543-3080","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-5474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}}}