{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:24:57Z","timestamp":1792689897217,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Type 2 diabetes is a major cause of illness and disability and physical activity reduces these risks. The SMART Health study aim was to compare the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention to promote aerobic physical activity and resistance training in schoolteachers at risk of or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, with and without a technology-based behavior change package. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> We randomized participants (N\u2009=\u2009104) into 3 groups: \u201cwait-list\u201d control group, 5 face-to-face visits with a psychologist and exercise specialist <jats:italic>(SH group)<\/jats:italic>, or 5 face-to-face visits over a 3-month period with a psychologist and exercise specialist, plus a technology-based behavior change package for an additional 6\u00a0months <jats:italic>(SH+ group<\/jats:italic>). Physical activity was the primary outcome (daily steps measured by pedometers). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, plasma lipids, self-reported resistance training, anxiety and depression were also assessed at 3 and 9 months (primary time point). Linear mixed models were used to assess the intervention efficacy of SH and SH+ compared with wait-list control. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> There were no significant group-by-time effects for steps in the SH or SH+ groups compared to the wait-list control group. Self-reported participation in monthly minutes of resistance training significantly increased at 3-month postbaseline in both groups (SH: 136\u00a0min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.33 and SH+: 145\u00a0min <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.4) versus the control group. The improvements were maintained for the SH group at 9 months. There was also a meaningful effect (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.06, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.23) for reducing anxiety for SH group at 9\u00a0months. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> SMART Health was a feasible, multicomponent intervention, which increased self-reported resistance training but no other secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2024-0195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T15:39:36Z","timestamp":1734104376000},"page":"334-346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of a Multicomponent Physical Activity Intervention for Teachers With or At Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Support, Motivation, and Physical Activity Research for Teachers Health Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3763-8273","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Plotnikoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6039-3278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Wilczynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9677-3918","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kerry S.","family":"Courneya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9093-4509","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wendy J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8324-717X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ronald J.","family":"Sigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0204-8257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David R.","family":"Lubans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","year":"2021","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. 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