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This study aims to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity and decrease sedentary behaviors among high-risk children through an inclusive and transformative sport skill development physical education (PE) intervention. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Elementary school-aged children were recruited from 3 public schools located in underserved communities in Houston, TX. Classrooms were randomly assigned to a sport-based PE class (intervention, 12 classrooms, n\u2009=\u2009124) or a standard PE class (control, 13 classrooms, n\u2009=\u2009133). The intervention was implemented at school by teachers over 10\u00a0weeks, whereas at home, the intervention group received equipment, virtual classes, and parent trainings. Activity behaviors were assessed using accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) at baseline and post intervention. Multilevel linear mixed-effects models were conducted to examine changes in activity behaviors between the study conditions. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Participants were 9.33 (0.68)\u00a0years old, and 46% were females, who identified as either Hispanic\/Latino (48%) and\/or Black (38%). The difference in minutes of weekend sedentary behavior change was 32\u00a0minutes between study conditions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.012). Specifically, intervention girls decreased weekend sedentary behavior by 37\u00a0minutes, whereas girls in the control condition increased by 8\u00a0minutes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Despite the direction of change in overall, weekday, or weekend moderate to vigorous physical activity and overall or weekday sedentary behaviors in favor of the intervention, these effects did not reach the statistically significant level compared to the control condition. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Sport-based PE intervention can be an important strategy to decrease child sedentary behaviors during out-of-school periods, particularly among girls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2024-0243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T11:13:51Z","timestamp":1732014831000},"page":"205-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessing the Efficacy of Sport-Based Physical Education on Children\u2019s Activity Behaviors: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6303-8378","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aliye B.","family":"Cepni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanjoe","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia Y.","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0331-2494","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sheryl O.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\/ARS Children\u2019s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey A.","family":"Ledoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School","year":"2013","unstructured":"Committee on Physical Activity Physical Education in the School Environment, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. 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