{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T07:15:19Z","timestamp":1778138119089,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Social climate refers to the general feelings, norms, and opinions in a society and may be affected by experiences of discrimination. This study examined whether experiences of discrimination are associated with the social climate of physical (in)activity and support for policies addressing dual benefits of physical activity (PA) and climate change. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Data from the 2023 Social Climate Survey were used (n\u2009=\u20091950; \u226518\u00a0y). Adherence to PA guidelines, perceived importance of PA, social norms, and support for 8 policy actions addressing dual benefits were each regressed on experiences of discrimination. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Experiencing discrimination was not associated with the importance of PA, causal attribution of physical inactivity (individual vs external), adherence to PA guidelines, or policy support addressing PA and climate change. However, experiencing discrimination was associated with social norms that are favorable to PA: seeing children playing actively outdoors (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.06), perceiving that half of people their age meeting PA guidelines (OR: 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.06), agreeing with societal disapproval of physical inactivity (OR: 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.06), and having important people (eg,\u00a0family\/friends) meeting PA guidelines (OR: 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08\u20131.12). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Unlike structural discrimination, interpersonal experiences of discrimination may not shape the perceived importance of and engagement in PA. However, experiencing discrimination may be associated with an individual\u2019s perceptions of their social environment, including how they observe and interpret the behaviors of others within their community. Generally strong support for policies addressing dual benefits, regardless of experiences with discrimination, aligns well with the planetary health agenda.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2024-0367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T17:53:57Z","timestamp":1731693237000},"page":"252-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Are Experiences of Discrimination Associated With Views of Physical Activity and Climate Policy Support in Canada?"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9580-8974","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eun-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asaduzzuman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4621-3717","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leigh M.","family":"Vanderloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Evaluation, ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1489-6472","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leah J.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"O\u2019Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Business, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0940-9040","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8485-1336","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John C.","family":"Spence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8898-2536","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guy","family":"Faulkner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","article-title":"What is discrimination?","year":"2021","unstructured":"Canadian Human Rights Commission. What is discrimination? 2021. https:\/\/www.chrc-ccdp.gc.ca\/en\/about-human-rights\/what-discrimination"},{"issue":"2","key":"r2","series-title":"Am J Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.2.200","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies","volume":"93","author":"Williams DR","year":"2003","unstructured":"Williams DR, Neighbors HW, Jackson JS. Racial\/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(2):200\u2013208. doi:10.2105\/AJPH.93.2.200"},{"issue":"7","key":"r3","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.03.006","article-title":"Experiences of discrimination: validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health","volume":"61","author":"Krieger N","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krieger N, Smith K, Naishadham D, Hartman C, Barbeau EM. Experiences of discrimination: validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(7):1576\u20131596. doi:10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.03.006"},{"issue":"1","key":"r4","series-title":"BMC Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6649-9","article-title":"Perceived discrimination, health and mental health among immigrants in Norway: the role of moderating factors","volume":"19","author":"Straiton ML","year":"2019","unstructured":"Straiton ML, Aamb\u00f8 AK, Johansen R. Perceived discrimination, health and mental health among immigrants in Norway: the role of moderating factors. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):6649. doi:10.1186\/s12889-019-6649-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"r5","series-title":"Glob Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1080\/17441690902942480","article-title":"The deterioration of health status among immigrants to Canada","volume":"5","author":"De Maio FG","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Maio FG, Kemp E. The deterioration of health status among immigrants to Canada. Glob Public Health. 2010;5(5):462\u2013478. doi:10.1080\/17441690902942480"},{"issue":"4","key":"r6","series-title":"Can J Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404048","article-title":"Health decline among recent immigrants to Canada: findings from a nationally-representative longitudinal survey","volume":"102","author":"Fuller-Thomson E","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fuller-Thomson E, Noack AM, George U. Health decline among recent immigrants to Canada: findings from a nationally-representative longitudinal survey. Can J Public Health. 2011;102(4):273\u2013280. doi:10.1007\/BF03404048"},{"issue":"7","key":"r7","series-title":"Am J Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.085316","article-title":"Overt and subtle racial discrimination and mental health: preliminary findings for Korean immigrants","volume":"97","author":"Noh S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Noh S, Kaspar V, Wickrama K. Overt and subtle racial discrimination and mental health: preliminary findings for Korean immigrants. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(7):1269\u20131274. doi:10.2105\/AJPH.2005.085316"},{"issue":"1","key":"r8","series-title":"BMC Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3344-y","article-title":"Perceived discrimination and self-rated health in Canada: an exploratory study","volume":"16","author":"Du Mont J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Du Mont J, Forte T. Perceived discrimination and self-rated health in Canada: an exploratory study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):742. doi:10.1186\/s12889-016-3344-y"},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.10.009","article-title":"Associations between race, discrimination and risk for chronic disease in a population-based sample from Canada","volume":"194","author":"Siddiqi A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Siddiqi A, Shahidi FV, Ramraj C, Williams DR. Associations between race, discrimination and risk for chronic disease in a population-based sample from Canada. Soc Sci Med. 2017;194:135\u2013141. doi:10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.10.009"},{"issue":"4","key":"r10","series-title":"Int J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl056","article-title":"A systematic review of empirical research on self-reported racism and health","volume":"35","author":"Paradies Y","year":"2006","unstructured":"Paradies Y. A systematic review of empirical research on self-reported racism and health. Int J Epidemiol. 2006;35(4):888\u2013901. doi:10.1093\/ije\/dyl056"},{"issue":"6","key":"r11","series-title":"Am J Prev Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.07.018","article-title":"Racial discrimination and physical activity among low-income\u2013housing residents","volume":"37","author":"Shelton RC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shelton RC, Puleo E, Bennett GG, McNeill LH, Goldman RE, Emmons KM. Racial discrimination and physical activity among low-income\u2013housing residents. Am J Prev Med. 2009;37(6):541\u2013545. doi:10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.07.018"},{"issue":"3","key":"r12","series-title":"Ethn Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2012.713092","article-title":"Racial discrimination, racial\/ethnic segregation, and health behaviors in the CARDIA study","volume":"18","author":"Borrell LN","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borrell LN, Kiefe CI, Diez-Roux AV, Williams DR, Gordon-Larsen P. Racial discrimination, racial\/ethnic segregation, and health behaviors in the CARDIA study. Ethn Health. 2013;18(3):227\u2013243. doi:10.1080\/13557858.2012.713092"},{"issue":"7","key":"r13","series-title":"J Phys Act Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.10.7.932","article-title":"Examining the associations of perceived community racism with self-reported physical activity levels and health among older racial minority adults","volume":"10","author":"Edwards MB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Edwards MB, Cunningham G. Examining the associations of perceived community racism with self-reported physical activity levels and health among older racial minority adults. J Phys Act Health. 2013;10(7):932\u2013939. doi:10.1123\/jpah.10.7.932"},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Transport Res Part D: Trans Environ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2022.103335","article-title":"The impact of perceived racism on walking behavior during the COVID-19 lockdown","volume":"109","author":"Ma L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma L, Liu Y, Cao J, Ye R. The impact of perceived racism on walking behavior during the COVID-19 lockdown. Transport Res Part D: Trans Environ. 2022;109:103335. doi:10.1016\/j.trd.2022.103335"},{"issue":"3","key":"r15","series-title":"J Phys Act Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2017-0292","article-title":"A systematic scoping review of engagement in physical activity among LGBTQ+ adults","volume":"15","author":"Herrick SS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herrick SS, Duncan LR. A systematic scoping review of engagement in physical activity among LGBTQ+ adults. J Phys Act Health. 2018;15(3):226\u2013232. doi:10.1123\/jpah.2017-0292"},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Keeping Children and Youth Active in a Changing Climate: Rallying for Resilience. The 2024 ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth","unstructured":"ParticipACTION. Keeping Children and Youth Active in a Changing Climate: Rallying for Resilience. The 2024 ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Toronto2024."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Adults","year":"2021","unstructured":"ParticipACTION. ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Adults. 2021."},{"issue":"3","key":"r18","series-title":"Adapt Phys Activ Q","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.2022-0050","article-title":"Expert appraisal of the 2022 Canadian Para report card on physical activity for children and adolescents with disabilities","volume":"40","author":"Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Kuzik N, Vanderloo LM, et\u00a0al. Expert appraisal of the 2022 Canadian Para report card on physical activity for children and adolescents with disabilities. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2022;40(3):465\u2013474. doi:10.1123\/apaq.2022-0050"},{"issue":"4","key":"r19","series-title":"Can J Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405603","article-title":"Physical activity and immigrant status","volume":"97","author":"Tremblay MS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tremblay MS, Bryan SN, P\u00e9rez CE, Ardern CI, Katzmarzyk PT. Physical activity and immigrant status. Can J Public Health. 2006;97(4):277\u2013282. doi:10.1007\/BF03405603"},{"issue":"12","key":"r20","series-title":"Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2008.05.007","article-title":"Physical inactivity in Canada: results from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2 (2004\u20132005)","volume":"122","author":"Liu J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu J, Wade T, Faught B, Hay J. Physical inactivity in Canada: results from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2 (2004\u20132005). Public Health. 2008;122(12):1384. doi:10.1016\/j.puhe.2008.05.007"},{"issue":"4","key":"r21","series-title":"Health Promot Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daw009","article-title":"Inter-categorial intersectionality and leisure-based physical activity in Canada","volume":"32","author":"Abichahine H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abichahine H, Veenstra G. Inter-categorial intersectionality and leisure-based physical activity in Canada. Health Promot Int. 2017;32(4):691\u2013701. doi:10.1093\/heapro\/daw009"},{"issue":"4","key":"r22","series-title":"Can Rev Sociol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/cars.12451","article-title":"Race, immigrant status, and inequality in physical activity: an intersectional and life course approach","volume":"60","author":"Sher C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sher C, Wu C. Race, immigrant status, and inequality in physical activity: an intersectional and life course approach. Can Rev Sociol. 2023;60(4):763\u2013800. doi:10.1111\/cars.12451"},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada.","article-title":"A new perspective on the health of Canadians (The Lalonde Report)","author":"Lalonde M","year":"1974","unstructured":"Lalonde M. A new perspective on the health of Canadians (The Lalonde Report). Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada. 1974. https:\/\/www.phac-aspc.gc.ca\/ph-sp\/pdf\/perspect-eng.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"r24","series-title":"Health Educ Q","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500401","article-title":"An ecological perspective on health promotion programs","volume":"15","author":"McLeroy KR","year":"1988","unstructured":"McLeroy KR, Bibeau D, Steckler A, Glanz K. An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Educ Q. 1988;15(4):351\u2013377. doi:10.1177\/109019818801500401"},{"issue":"1","key":"r25","series-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S1469-0292(02)00014-6","article-title":"Toward a comprehensive model of physical activity","volume":"4","author":"Spence JC","year":"2003","unstructured":"Spence JC, Lee RE. Toward a comprehensive model of physical activity. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2003;4(1):7\u201324. doi:10.1016\/S1469-0292(02)00014-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"r26","series-title":"Am J Health Promot","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-10.4.282","article-title":"Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for community health promotion","volume":"10","author":"Stokols D","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stokols D. Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for community health promotion. Am J Health Promot. 1996;10(4):282\u2013298. doi:10.4278\/0890-1171-10.4.282"},{"issue":"1","key":"r27","series-title":"BMC Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17436-3","article-title":"Re-assessing the social climate of physical (in) activity in Canada","volume":"23","author":"Fagan MJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fagan MJ, Vanderloo LM, Banerjee A, et\u00a0al. Re-assessing the social climate of physical (in) activity in Canada. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):2548. doi:10.1186\/s12889-023-17436-3"},{"key":"r28","series-title":"Health Serv Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13222","article-title":"Understanding how discrimination can affect health","volume":"54","author":"Williams DR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Williams DR, Lawrence JA, Davis BA, Vu C. Understanding how discrimination can affect health. Health Serv Res. 2019;54:1374\u20131388. doi:10.1111\/1475-6773.13222"},{"key":"r29","series-title":"Front Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00153","article-title":"Political orientation and public attributions for the causes and solutions of physical inactivity in Canada: implications for policy support","volume":"7","author":"Yun L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yun L, Vanderloo LM, Berry TR, et\u00a0al. Political orientation and public attributions for the causes and solutions of physical inactivity in Canada: implications for policy support. Front Public Health. 2019;7:153. doi:10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00153"},{"issue":"7","key":"r30","series-title":"Health Commun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2015.1018699","article-title":"Individual and social determinants of obesity in strategic health messages: interaction with political ideology","volume":"31","author":"Young R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Young R, Hinnant A, Leshner G. Individual and social determinants of obesity in strategic health messages: interaction with political ideology. Health Commun. 2016;31(7):903\u2013910. doi:10.1080\/10410236.2015.1018699"},{"key":"r31","series-title":"Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018\u20132030: More Active People for a Healthier World","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018\u20132030: More Active People for a Healthier World. 2018."},{"key":"r32","series-title":"J Phys Act Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2023-0617","article-title":"Assessing support for policy actions with co-benefits for climate change and physical activity in Canada","volume":"21","author":"Fagan MJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fagan MJ, Vanderloo LM, Banerjee A, et\u00a0al. Assessing support for policy actions with co-benefits for climate change and physical activity in Canada. J Phys Act Health. 2023;21:256\u2013265. doi:10.1123\/jpah.2023-0617"},{"issue":"1","key":"r33","series-title":"J Phys Act Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2021-0719","article-title":"What the physical activity community can do for climate action and planetary health?","volume":"19","author":"Reis R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reis R, Hunter RF, Garcia L, Salvo D. What the physical activity community can do for climate action and planetary health? J Phys Act Health. 2022;19(1):2\u20133. doi:10.1123\/jpah.2021-0719"},{"issue":"1","key":"r34","series-title":"BMC Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6166-2","article-title":"Assessing the social climate of physical (in) activity in Canada","volume":"18","author":"Yun L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yun L, Vanderloo L, Berry TR, et\u00a0al. Assessing the social climate of physical (in) activity in Canada. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):6166. doi:10.1186\/s12889-018-6166-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"r35","series-title":"Du Bois Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X11000087","article-title":"Racial disparities in health: how much does stress really matter?","volume":"8","author":"Sternthal M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sternthal M, Slopen N, Williams DR. Racial disparities in health: how much does stress really matter? Du Bois Rev. 2011;8(1):95\u2013113. doi:10.1017\/S1742058X11000087"},{"issue":"3","key":"r36","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.068395","article-title":"Reliability and validity testing of a single-item physical activity measure","volume":"45","author":"Milton K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Milton K, Bull F, Bauman A. Reliability and validity testing of a single-item physical activity measure. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(3):203\u2013208. doi:10.1136\/bjsm.2009.068395"},{"issue":"10 (suppl 2)","key":"r37","series-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab.","first-page":"5","article-title":"Introduction to the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for adults aged 18\u201364\u00a0years and adults aged 65\u00a0years or older: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep","volume":"45","author":"Ross R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ross R, Tremblay M. Introduction to the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for adults aged 18\u201364\u00a0years and adults aged 65\u00a0years or older: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2020;45(10 (suppl 2)):5\u201311."},{"issue":"8","key":"r38","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm040","article-title":"Assessing the measurement properties of neighborhood scales: from psychometrics to ecometrics","volume":"165","author":"Mujahid MS","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mujahid MS, Diez Roux AV, Morenoff JD, Raghunathan T. Assessing the measurement properties of neighborhood scales: from psychometrics to ecometrics. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165(8):858\u2013867. doi:10.1093\/aje\/kwm040"},{"key":"r39","series-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","author":"Tabachnick BG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS, Ullman JB. Using Multivariate Statistics. Vol 6. Pearson; 2013."},{"key":"r40","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Routledge; 2013."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"r41","series-title":"Prev Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2010.05.017","article-title":"Perceived racial\/ethnic discrimination, smoking and alcohol consumption in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"51","author":"Borrell LN","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borrell LN, Roux AVD, Jacobs DR Jr, et\u00a0al. Perceived racial\/ethnic discrimination, smoking and alcohol consumption in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Prev Med. 2010;51(3\u20134):307\u2013312. doi:10.1016\/j.ypmed.2010.05.017"},{"issue":"4","key":"r42","series-title":"Int J Health Serv","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2190\/HS.44.4.b","article-title":"Discrimination and health inequities","volume":"44","author":"Krieger N","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krieger N. Discrimination and health inequities. Int J Health Serv. 2014;44(4):643\u2013710. doi:10.2190\/HS.44.4.b"},{"issue":"4","key":"r43","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.03.012","article-title":"Social environment and physical activity: a review of concepts and evidence","volume":"63","author":"McNeill LH","year":"2006","unstructured":"McNeill LH, Kreuter MW, Subramanian SV. Social environment and physical activity: a review of concepts and evidence. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(4):1011\u20131022. doi:10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.03.012"},{"key":"r44","series-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act","article-title":"Perceived community environment and physical activity involvement in a northern-rural aboriginal community","author":"Kirby AM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kirby AM, Levesque L, Wabano V, Robertson-Wilson J. Perceived community environment and physical activity involvement in a northern-rural aboriginal community. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2007;4((Kirby) Primary Healthcare Research Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada (Levesque) School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada(Kirby, Levesque) Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Proje):63."},{"issue":"5","key":"r45","series-title":"Health Place","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2010.06.005","article-title":"Associations between perceived social environment and neighborhood safety: health implications","volume":"16","author":"De Jesus M","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Jesus M, Puleo E, Shelton RC, Emmons KM. Associations between perceived social environment and neighborhood safety: health implications. Health Place. 2010;16(5):1007\u20131013. doi:10.1016\/j.healthplace.2010.06.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"r46","series-title":"BMC Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7744-7","article-title":"Parental support of the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth: prevalence and correlates","volume":"19","author":"Rhodes RE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rhodes RE, Spence JC, Berry T, et\u00a0al. Parental support of the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth: prevalence and correlates. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1385. doi:10.1186\/s12889-019-7744-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"r47","series-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.55.2.111","article-title":"Multilevel analyses of neighbourhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes: a critical review","volume":"55","author":"Pickett KE","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pickett KE, Pearl M. Multilevel analyses of neighbourhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes: a critical review. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2001;55(2):111\u2013122. doi:10.1136\/jech.55.2.111"},{"issue":"2","key":"r48","series-title":"J Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdx082","article-title":"State-level income inequality and meeting physical activity guidelines; differential associations among US men and women","volume":"40","author":"Pabayo R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pabayo R, Fuller D, Lee EY, Horino M, Kawachi I. State-level income inequality and meeting physical activity guidelines; differential associations among US men and women. J Public Health. 2018;40(2):229\u2013236. doi:10.1093\/pubmed\/fdx082"},{"key":"r49","series-title":"SSM-Population Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2016.09.010","article-title":"The association between social cohesion and physical activity in Canada: a multilevel analysis","volume":"2","author":"Yip C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yip C, Sarma S, Wilk P. The association between social cohesion and physical activity in Canada: a multilevel analysis. SSM-Population Health. 2016;2:718\u2013723. doi:10.1016\/j.ssmph.2016.09.010"},{"issue":"9","key":"r50","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.01.005","article-title":"Network social capital, social participation, and physical inactivity in an urban adult population","volume":"74","author":"Legh-Jones H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Legh-Jones H, Moore S. Network social capital, social participation, and physical inactivity in an urban adult population. Soc Sci Med. 2012;74(9):1362\u20131367. doi:10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.01.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"r51","series-title":"J Plan Educ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/0739456X11422070","article-title":"Travel behavior among Latino immigrants: the role of ethnic concentration and ethnic employment","volume":"32","author":"Liu C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu C, Painter G. Travel behavior among Latino immigrants: the role of ethnic concentration and ethnic employment. J Plan Educ Res. 2012;32(1):62\u201380. doi:10.1177\/0739456X11422070"},{"issue":"1","key":"r52","series-title":"Transportation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11116-014-9543-4","article-title":"A nationwide look at the immigrant neighborhood effect on travel mode choice","volume":"42","author":"Smart MJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smart MJ. A nationwide look at the immigrant neighborhood effect on travel mode choice. Transportation. 2015;42(1):189\u2013209. doi:10.1007\/s11116-014-9543-4"},{"issue":"9","key":"r53","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.02.002","article-title":"Does health predict the reporting of racial discrimination or do reports of discrimination predict health? Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth","volume":"68","author":"Gee G","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gee G, Walsemann K. Does health predict the reporting of racial discrimination or do reports of discrimination predict health? Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth. Soc Sci Med. 2009;68(9):1676\u20131684. doi:10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.02.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"r54","series-title":"J Soc Issues","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.2012.01752.x","article-title":"Racism and social capital: the implications for social and physical well\u2010being","volume":"68","author":"Brondolo E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brondolo E, Libretti M, Rivera L, Walsemann KM. Racism and social capital: the implications for social and physical well\u2010being. J Soc Issues. 2012;68(2):358\u2013384. doi:10.1111\/j.1540-4560.2012.01752.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"r55","series-title":"Clim Policy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1080\/14693062.2015.1058240","article-title":"What explains public support for climate policies? A review of empirical and experimental studies","volume":"16","author":"Drews S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Drews S, Van den Bergh JC. What explains public support for climate policies? A review of empirical and experimental studies. Clim Policy. 2016;16(7):855\u2013876. doi:10.1080\/14693062.2015.1058240"},{"issue":"5","key":"r56","series-title":"Environ Politics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1080\/09644016.2012.698887","article-title":"Australian politicians\u2019 beliefs about climate change: political partisanship and political ideology","volume":"21","author":"Fielding KS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fielding KS, Head BW, Laffan W, Western M, Hoegh-Guldberg O. Australian politicians\u2019 beliefs about climate change: political partisanship and political ideology. Environ Politics. 2012;21(5):712\u2013733. doi:10.1080\/09644016.2012.698887"},{"issue":"5","key":"r57","series-title":"Politic Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12279","article-title":"How discrimination impacts sociopolitical behavior: a multidimensional perspective","volume":"37","author":"Oskooii KA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oskooii KA. How discrimination impacts sociopolitical behavior: a multidimensional perspective. Politic Psychol. 2016;37(5):613\u2013640. doi:10.1111\/pops.12279"},{"key":"r58","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114609","article-title":"What do we measure when we measure perceptions of everyday discrimination?","volume":"292","author":"Harnois CE","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harnois CE. What do we measure when we measure perceptions of everyday discrimination? Soc Sci Med. 2022;292:114609. doi:10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114609"}],"container-title":["Journal of Physical Activity and Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jpah\/22\/2\/article-p252.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jpah\/22\/2\/article-p252.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jpah\/22\/2\/article-p252.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T16:30:39Z","timestamp":1737390639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jpah\/22\/2\/article-p252.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jpah.2024-0367","relation":{},"ISSN":["1543-3080","1543-5474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1543-3080","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-5474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]}}}