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We investigated inequalities in sports group participation, and daily walking time by income and education, using the slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality with municipal-level social capital variables, such as civic participation, reciprocity, social cohesion, and social network. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> From 2016 to 2019, all slope index of inequalities showed a decreasing trend (\u22124.2 to\u2009\u2212\u20090.5), whereas relative index of inequalities maintained or decreased (\u22120.10 to 0.00). Increases in municipal-level social capital particularly civic participation and social networks with friends were associated with reduced inequalities in both sports group participation and walking time. For example, increased civic participation scores were associated with reduced relative index of inequalities, which assessed inequalities in sports group participation by income (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.13, 95% CI, \u22120.24 to\u2009\u2212\u20090.03) and in walking time by education (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.06, 95% CI, \u22120.11 to\u2009\u2212\u20090.01). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Enhancements in municipal social capital can reduce socioeconomic inequalities in sports group participation and daily walking among older adults, highlighting the importance of fostering civic participation, social networks, and cohesion in public health strategies aimed at reducing inequalities in sports and walking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2024-0415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T16:11:16Z","timestamp":1731082276000},"page":"92-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Changes in Municipal-Level Social Capital and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Sports Group Participation and Walking Time Among Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8408-6619","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taishi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5788-2732","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meiko","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Agency for Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES Agency), Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8707-471X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Satoru","family":"Kanamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1050-3125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Tabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0076-816X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katsunori","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Agency for Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES Agency), Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan"},{"name":"Research Department, Institute for Health Economics and Policy, Minato, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"r1","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3180616aa2","article-title":"Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association","volume":"39","author":"Nelson ME","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, et\u00a0al. 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