{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T15:05:52Z","timestamp":1761231952688,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n \n Background<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Many women reduce physical activity (PA) level during pregnancy, which may contribute to increased risk of mental health challenges. The aim was to describe changes in PA levels in women over a 4-year postpartum period and to investigate associations between PA level and mental health.\n \n Methods<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Seven hundred fifteen Norwegian women recruited from child health centers and social media completed web questionnaires. PA was measured 5, 12, 24, and 48\u00a0months postpartum as frequency per week (>30\u00a0min short of breath\/sweating): <1\/week, 1 to 2\/week, and \u22653\/week. Mental health was measured 5, 12, and 24\u00a0months postpartum and included psychological distress, self-efficacy, joy\/anger, and depression. Change in PA levels was analyzed with Friedman test using longitudinal data, and associations were analyzed with multiple linear\/logistic regression using cross sectional data.\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n In the 207 women completing all PA measurements, the levels showed a consistent pattern throughout the period. On a group level, there was a decrease in PA frequency from 5 to 12\u00a0months (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) and an increase from 12 to 24\u00a0months (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.024). Higher PA levels were associated with increased joy (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.17; 95% CI, 0.04\u20130.31;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.012) and self-efficacy (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.25; 95% CI, 0.12\u20130.39;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) 5\u00a0months postpartum and reduced depression symptoms (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.16; 95% CI, \u22120.30 to \u22120.01;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.036) and risk of psychological distress (odds ratio\u2009=\u20090.27; 95% CI, 0.09\u20130.79;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.017) 12\u00a0months postpartum.\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Most of the women had a low PA level postpartum, and the levels showed a consistent pattern throughout the period. The findings indicated that higher levels of PA were associated with better mental health in postpartum women.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2024-0654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T18:30:28Z","timestamp":1754677828000},"page":"1409-1417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Higher Physical Activity Level is Associated With Increased Well-being and Better Mental Health in Women up to 4\u00a0Years Postpartum: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1239-6649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marthe","family":"Brandtz\u00e6g","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6285-4538","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kjersti Karoline","family":"Danielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1871-041X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nina Cecilie","family":"\u00d8verby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2113-9218","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christine","family":"Helle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9751-4707","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew Keith","family":"Wills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2530-2921","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silje Halvorsen","family":"Sveaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"r1","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001941","article-title":"Benefits of physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum: an umbrella review","volume":"51","author":"Dipietro L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dipietro L, Evenson KR, Bloodgood B, et\u00a0al. 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