{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T22:52:15Z","timestamp":1773874335469,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Insufficient physical activity (PA) is associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and mortality, yet only 26.1% of US high school students report meeting the 60-minute daily PA guideline. Adolescents\u2019 sleep may contribute to their activity patterns. However, findings in this area have been inconsistent, and few studies have used both objectively measured sleep and PA.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Two hundred and sixty ninth-grade students (mean age\u2009=\u200914.7, SD\u2009=\u20090.5) in Minnesota wore wrist actigraphs for 7\u00a0days to assess weekday and weekend sleep duration, midpoint, efficiency, latency, moderate to vigorous PA, light PA, and waking sedentary time. Multiple regression analyses, controlling for demographics, assessed whether sleep features were associated with activity levels.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Weekday and weekend sedentary time decreased by 25.86 and 19.21\u00a0minutes per each additional hour in weekday and weekend sleep duration, respectively. A later weekend sleep midpoint was associated with 8.09 fewer minutes of weekend sedentary time. Sleep duration related to less daily time spent in light PA (8.66 and 9.64\u00a0min per every additional hour slept on weekdays and weekends, respectively). Each hour of advancement in weekday sleep midpoint was associated with 14.22 additional minutes of light PA and 3.06 more minutes of moderate to vigorous PA. For each additional percentage point in sleep efficiency, 2.11\u00a0minutes less weekend light PA was observed.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    If sleep can influence activity, modifying sleep could be a path to promoting healthful activity levels. Further, given that PA and sleep may be mutually reinforcing, targeting both behaviors concurrently could provide comprehensive health promotion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2025-0247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T16:37:03Z","timestamp":1765989423000},"page":"468-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of Sleep Duration, Quality, and Timing With Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Among High School Students"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8973-3670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kayla T.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Billmyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8719-077X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Kaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6476-3478","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel","family":"Widome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"r1","series-title":"J Am Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0158","article-title":"The state of US health, 1990-2016: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors among US states","volume":"319","author":"The US Burden of Disease Collaborators","year":"2018","unstructured":"The US Burden of Disease Collaborators, Mokdad AH, Ballestros K, et\u00a0al. The state of US health, 1990-2016: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors among US states. J Am Med Assoc. 2018;319(14):1444\u20131472. doi:10.1001\/jama.2018.0158"},{"key":"r2","series-title":"School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity","first-page":"1","year":"2011","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity. 2011:1\u201376."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans","year":"2018","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2nd ed. 2018."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6708a1","article-title":"Youth risk behavior surveillance\u2014United States, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Kann L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kann L, McManus T, Harris W, et\u00a0al. Youth risk behavior surveillance\u2014United States, 2017. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2018;67:1\u2013114. doi:10.15585\/mmwr.ss6708a1"},{"key":"r5","article-title":"Increase the proportion of adolescents who do enough aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity\u2014data\u2014healthy People 2030 | health.gov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Healthy People 2030. Increase the proportion of adolescents who do enough aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity\u2014data\u2014healthy People 2030 | health.gov. 2024. Accessed September 10, 2024. https:\/\/health.gov\/healthypeople\/objectives-and-data\/browse-objectives\/physical-activity\/increase-proportion-adolescents-who-do-enough-aerobic-and-muscle-strengthening-activity-pa-08\/data?group=None&from=2017&to=2019&state=United%20States&populations="},{"key":"r6","article-title":"1991-2023 high school youth risk behavior survey data","year":"2025","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1991-2023 high school youth risk behavior survey data. 2025. Accessed March 26, 2025. http:\/\/yrbs-explorer.services.cdc.gov\/"},{"issue":"8","key":"r7","series-title":"Am J Health Promot","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117119854043","article-title":"Secular trends in sedentary behavior among high school students in the United States, 2003 to 2015","volume":"33","author":"Ryu S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ryu S, Kim H, Kang M, Pedisic Z, Loprinzi PD. Secular trends in sedentary behavior among high school students in the United States, 2003 to 2015. Am J Health Promot. 2019;33(8):1174\u20131181. doi:10.1177\/0890117119854043"},{"key":"r8","article-title":"Increase the proportion of high school students who get enough sleep\u2014SH-04 - Healthy People 2030 | health.gov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Healthy People 2030. Increase the proportion of high school students who get enough sleep\u2014SH-04 - Healthy People 2030 | health.gov. 2024. Accessed September 6, 2024. https:\/\/health.gov\/healthypeople\/objectives-and-data\/browse-objectives\/sleep\/increase-proportion-high-school-students-who-get-enough-sleep-sh-04"},{"issue":"5","key":"r9","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.05.041","article-title":"Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States","volume":"71","author":"Buxton OM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buxton OM, Marcelli E. Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(5):1027\u20131036. doi:10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.05.041"},{"issue":"2","key":"r10","series-title":"J Sleep Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00732.x","article-title":"Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"18","author":"Gallicchio L","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gallicchio L, Kalesan B. Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. J Sleep Res. 2009;18(2):148\u2013158. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00732.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"r11","series-title":"Sleep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.5.585","article-title":"Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"33","author":"Cappuccio FP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cappuccio FP, D\u2019Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sleep. 2010;33(5):585\u2013592. doi:10.1093\/sleep\/33.5.585"},{"issue":"11","key":"r12","series-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487313493057","article-title":"Sufficient sleep duration contributes to lower cardiovascular disease risk in addition to four traditional lifestyle factors: the MORGEN study","volume":"21","author":"Hoevenaar-Blom MP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoevenaar-Blom MP, Spijkerman AM, Kromhout D, Verschuren WM. Sufficient sleep duration contributes to lower cardiovascular disease risk in addition to four traditional lifestyle factors: the MORGEN study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2014;21(11):1367\u20131375. doi:10.1177\/2047487313493057"},{"issue":"3","key":"r13","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e921","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1696","article-title":"Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: an update on causes and consequences","volume":"134","author":"Owens J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Owens J, Adolescent Sleep Working Group, Committee On Adolescence. Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: an update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics. 2014;134(3):e921\u2013e932. doi:10.1542\/peds.2014-1696"},{"key":"r14","series-title":"J Sleep Dis Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-18-2065","article-title":"The effects of physical activity on sleep among adolescents and adults: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Desjardins S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Desjardins S, Tanguay-Labont\u00e9 M. The effects of physical activity on sleep among adolescents and adults: a narrative review. J Sleep Dis Res. 2018;10:42\u201359. doi:10.14302\/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-18-2065"},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Cureus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29669","article-title":"Physical activity and sleeping duration among adolescents in the US","volume":"10","author":"Ganz M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ganz M, Jacobs M, Alessandro C, et\u00a0al. Physical activity and sleeping duration among adolescents in the US. Cureus. 2022;10:669. doi:10.7759\/cureus.29669"},{"issue":"1","key":"r16","series-title":"Pediatr Obes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12015","article-title":"Sleep quality, sleep duration and physical activity in obese adolescents: effects of exercise training","volume":"11","author":"Mendelson M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mendelson M, Borowik A, Michallet AS, et\u00a0al. Sleep quality, sleep duration and physical activity in obese adolescents: effects of exercise training. Pediatr Obes. 2016;11(1):26\u201332. doi:10.1111\/ijpo.12015"},{"issue":"4","key":"r17","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093117","article-title":"Do more active children sleep more? A repeated cross-sectional analysis using accelerometry","volume":"9","author":"Williams SM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Williams SM, Farmer VL, Taylor BJ, Taylor RW. Do more active children sleep more? A repeated cross-sectional analysis using accelerometry. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e93117. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0093117"},{"issue":"3","key":"r18","series-title":"AJP Regul Integr Comp Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R714","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00355.2002","article-title":"Exercise elicits phase shifts and acute alterations of melatonin that vary with circadian phase","volume":"284","author":"Buxton OM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Buxton OM, Lee CW, L\u2019Hermite-Bal\u00e9riaux M, Turek FW, Van Cauter E. Exercise elicits phase shifts and acute alterations of melatonin that vary with circadian phase. AJP Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003;284(3):R714\u2013R724. doi:10.1152\/ajpregu.00355.2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"r19","series-title":"J Pineal Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00924.x","article-title":"Exercise and melatonin in humans: reciprocal benefits","volume":"52","author":"Escames G","year":"2012","unstructured":"Escames G, Ozturk G, Ba\u00f1o\u2010Ot\u00e1lora B, et\u00a0al. Exercise and melatonin in humans: reciprocal benefits. J Pineal Res. 2012;52(1):924. doi:10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00924.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"r20","series-title":"Sleep Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slsci.2014.11.001","article-title":"The effects of sleep loss on capacity and effort","volume":"7","author":"Engle-Friedman M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Engle-Friedman M. The effects of sleep loss on capacity and effort. Sleep Sci. 2014;7(4):213\u2013224. doi:10.1016\/j.slsci.2014.11.001"},{"key":"r21","series-title":"Sleep Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.007","article-title":"Inducing more sleep on school nights reduces sedentary behavior without affecting physical activity in short-sleeping adolescents","volume":"47","author":"Van Dyk TR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Dyk TR, Krietsch KN, Saelens BE, Whitacre C, McAlister S, Beebe DW. Inducing more sleep on school nights reduces sedentary behavior without affecting physical activity in short-sleeping adolescents. Sleep Med. 2018;47:7\u201310. doi:10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.007"},{"issue":"4","key":"r22","series-title":"Sleep Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2016.09.004","article-title":"Screen and nonscreen sedentary behavior and sleep in adolescents","volume":"2","author":"Brunetti VC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brunetti VC, O\u2019Loughlin EK, O\u2019Loughlin J, Constantin E, Pigeon \u00c9. Screen and nonscreen sedentary behavior and sleep in adolescents. Sleep Health. 2016;2(4):335\u2013340. doi:10.1016\/j.sleh.2016.09.004"},{"issue":"8","key":"r23","series-title":"Obes Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12188","article-title":"Associations between sedentary behaviour and physical activity in children and adolescents: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"15","author":"Pearson N","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pearson N, Braithwaite RE, Biddle SJH, Van Sluijs EMF, Atkin AJ. Associations between sedentary behaviour and physical activity in children and adolescents: a meta\u2010analysis. Obes Rev. 2014;15(8):666\u2013675. doi:10.1111\/obr.12188"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"r24","series-title":"Int J Obes Supp","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1038\/ijosup.2015.21","article-title":"Associations between sleep patterns and lifestyle behaviors in children: an international comparison","volume":"5","author":"Chaput JP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chaput JP, Katzmarzyk PT, LeBlanc AG, et\u00a0al. Associations between sleep patterns and lifestyle behaviors in children: an international comparison. Int J Obes Supp. 2015;5(suppl 2):S59\u2013S65. doi:10.1038\/ijosup.2015.21"},{"issue":"2","key":"r25","series-title":"J Sleep Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12241","article-title":"Objectively\u2010measured sleep and its association with adiposity and physical activity in a sample of Canadian children","volume":"24","author":"Mcneil J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mcneil J, Tremblay MS, Leduc G, et\u00a0al. Objectively\u2010measured sleep and its association with adiposity and physical activity in a sample of Canadian children. J Sleep Res. 2015;24(2):131\u2013139. doi:10.1111\/jsr.12241"},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Prev Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.12.006","article-title":"Temporal and bi-directional associations between sleep duration and physical activity\/sedentary time in children: an international comparison","volume":"111","author":"Lin Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin Y, Tremblay MS, Katzmarzyk PT, et\u00a0al. Temporal and bi-directional associations between sleep duration and physical activity\/sedentary time in children: an international comparison. Prev Med. 2018;111:436\u2013441. doi:10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.12.006"},{"issue":"1","key":"r27","series-title":"Sci Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44059-9","article-title":"Bidirectional, daily temporal associations between sleep and physical activity in adolescents","volume":"9","author":"Master L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Master L, Nye RT, Lee S, et\u00a0al. Bidirectional, daily temporal associations between sleep and physical activity in adolescents. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):7732. doi:10.1038\/s41598-019-44059-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"r28","series-title":"Sleep Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2018.10.012","article-title":"Temporal associations between circadian sleep and activity patterns in Mexican American children","volume":"5","author":"Martinez S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martinez S, Tschann J, McCulloch C, et\u00a0al. Temporal associations between circadian sleep and activity patterns in Mexican American children. Sleep Health. 2019;5(2):201\u2013207. doi:10.1016\/j.sleh.2018.10.012"},{"issue":"10","key":"r29","series-title":"Int J Obes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.149","article-title":"Short sleep duration is associated with increased obesity markers in European adolescents: effect of physical activity and dietary habits. The HELENA study","volume":"35","author":"Garaulet M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garaulet M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, et\u00a0al. Short sleep duration is associated with increased obesity markers in European adolescents: effect of physical activity and dietary habits. The HELENA study. Int J Obes. 2011;35(10):1308\u20131317. doi:10.1038\/ijo.2011.149"},{"issue":"8","key":"r30","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071417","article-title":"Light-intensity physical activity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in US adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Carson V","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carson V, Ridgers ND, Howard BJ, et\u00a0al. Light-intensity physical activity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in US adolescents. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e71417. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0071417"},{"issue":"6)(suppl 3)","key":"r31","series-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S197","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0663","article-title":"Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth","volume":"41","author":"Poitras VJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poitras VJ, Gray CE, Borghese MM, et\u00a0al. Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth.Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(6)(suppl 3)):S197\u2013S239. doi:10.1139\/apnm-2015-0663"},{"issue":"7347","key":"r32","series-title":"Br Med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7347.1193","article-title":"Patient non-compliance with paper diaries","volume":"324","author":"Stone AA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stone AA. Patient non-compliance with paper diaries. Br Med J. 2002;324(7347):1193\u20131194. doi:10.1136\/bmj.324.7347.1193"},{"issue":"4","key":"r33","series-title":"J Marriage Family","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12626","article-title":"Child and adolescent time use: a cross\u2010national study","volume":"82","author":"Gracia P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gracia P, Garcia\u2010Roman J, Oinas T, Anttila T. Child and adolescent time use: a cross\u2010national study. J Marriage Family. 2020;82(4):1304\u20131325. doi:10.1111\/jomf.12626"},{"issue":"6","key":"r34","series-title":"Epidemiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318187a7b0","article-title":"Self-reported and measured sleep duration: how similar are they?","volume":"19","author":"Lauderdale DS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lauderdale DS, Knutson KL, Yan LL, Liu K, Rathouz PJ. Self-reported and measured sleep duration: how similar are they? Epidemiology. 2008;19(6):838\u2013845. doi:10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318187a7b0"},{"issue":"1","key":"r35","series-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1308.032","article-title":"Regulation of adolescent sleep: implications for behavior","volume":"1021","author":"Carskadon MA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Carskadon MA, Acebo C, Jenni OG. Regulation of adolescent sleep: implications for behavior. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1021(1):276\u2013291. doi:10.1196\/annals.1308.032"},{"issue":"3","key":"r36","series-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2011.03.003","article-title":"Sleep in adolescents: the perfect storm","volume":"58","author":"Carskadon MA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carskadon MA. Sleep in adolescents: the perfect storm. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011;58(3):637\u2013647. doi:10.1016\/j.pcl.2011.03.003"},{"issue":"4","key":"r37","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005217","article-title":"Consequences of the timing of menarche on female adolescent sleep phase preference","volume":"4","author":"Frey S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frey S, Balu S, Greusing S, Rothen N, Cajochen C. Consequences of the timing of menarche on female adolescent sleep phase preference. PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5217. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0005217"},{"issue":"3","key":"r38","series-title":"J Sleep Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2005.00467.x","article-title":"Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior","volume":"14","author":"Taylor DJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taylor DJ, Jenni OG, Acebo C, Carskadon MA. Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior. J Sleep Res. 2005;14(3):239\u2013244. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2005.00467.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"r39","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2707","article-title":"The great sleep recession: changes in sleep duration among US adolescents, 1991\u20132012","volume":"135","author":"Keyes KM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keyes KM, Maslowsky J, Hamilton A, Schulenberg J. The great sleep recession: changes in sleep duration among US adolescents, 1991\u20132012. Pediatrics. 2015;135(3):460\u2013468. doi:10.1542\/peds.2014-2707"},{"issue":"1","key":"r40","series-title":"Obs Stud","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1353\/obs.2020.0013","article-title":"The START study: an evaluation to study the impact of a natural experiment in high school start times on adolescent weight and related behaviors","volume":"6","author":"Widome R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Widome R, Wahlstrom KL, Laska MN, et\u00a0al. The START study: an evaluation to study the impact of a natural experiment in high school start times on adolescent weight and related behaviors. Obs Stud. 2020;6(1):66\u201385. doi:10.1353\/obs.2020.0013"},{"issue":"3","key":"r41","series-title":"Sleep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.3.342","article-title":"The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms","volume":"26","author":"Ancoli-Israel S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ancoli-Israel S, Cole R, Alessi C, Chambers M, Moorcroft W, Pollak CP. The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep. 2003;26(3):342\u2013392. doi:10.1093\/sleep\/26.3.342"},{"issue":"22","key":"r42","series-title":"J Sports Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1794244","article-title":"Development of cut-points for determining activity intensity from a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer in free-living adults","volume":"38","author":"Montoye AHK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Montoye AHK, Clevenger KA, Pfeiffer KA, et\u00a0al. Development of cut-points for determining activity intensity from a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer in free-living adults. J Sports Sci. 2020;38(22):2569\u20132578. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2020.1794244"},{"issue":"12","key":"r43","series-title":"Scand Med Sci Sports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12795","article-title":"Evaluation of raw acceleration sedentary thresholds in children and adults","volume":"27","author":"Hildebrand M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hildebrand M, Hansen BH, Van Hees VT, Ekelund U. Evaluation of raw acceleration sedentary thresholds in children and adults. Scand Med Sci Sports. 2017;27(12):1814\u20131823. doi:10.1111\/sms.12795"},{"issue":"5","key":"r44","series-title":"Sleep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.5.461","article-title":"Automatic sleep\/wake identification from wrist activity","volume":"15","author":"Cole RJ","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cole RJ, Kripke DF, Gruen W, Mullaney DJ, Gillin JC. Automatic sleep\/wake identification from wrist activity. Sleep. 1992;15(5):461\u2013469. doi:10.1093\/sleep\/15.5.461"},{"issue":"3","key":"r45","series-title":"J Meas Phys Behav","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1123\/jmpb.2018-0063","article-title":"GGIR: a research community\u2013driven open source R package for generating physical activity and sleep outcomes from multi-day raw accelerometer data","volume":"2","author":"Migueles JH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Migueles JH, Rowlands AV, Huber F, Sabia S, Van Hees VT. GGIR: a research community\u2013driven open source R package for generating physical activity and sleep outcomes from multi-day raw accelerometer data. J Meas Phys Behav. 2019;2(3):188\u2013196. doi:10.1123\/jmpb.2018-0063"},{"issue":"4","key":"r46","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061691","article-title":"Separating movement and gravity components in an acceleration signal and implications for the assessment of human daily physical activity","volume":"8","author":"Van Hees VT","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Hees VT, Gorzelniak L, Dean Le\u00f3n EC, et\u00a0al. Separating movement and gravity components in an acceleration signal and implications for the assessment of human daily physical activity. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61691. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0061691"},{"issue":"6","key":"r47","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt330","article-title":"Association between questionnaire- and accelerometer-assessed physical activity: the role of sociodemographic factors","volume":"179","author":"Sabia S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sabia S, Van Hees VT, Shipley MJ, et\u00a0al. Association between questionnaire- and accelerometer-assessed physical activity: the role of sociodemographic factors. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(6):781\u2013790. doi:10.1093\/aje\/kwt330"},{"issue":"6","key":"r48","series-title":"Health Educ Behav","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198111429822","article-title":"The elasticity of time: associations between physical activity and use of time in adolescents","volume":"39","author":"Olds T","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olds T, Ferrar KE, Gomersall SR, Maher C, Walters JL. The elasticity of time: associations between physical activity and use of time in adolescents. Health Educ Behav. 2012;39(6):732\u2013736. doi:10.1177\/1090198111429822"},{"issue":"7","key":"r49","series-title":"JAMA Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0344","article-title":"Association of delaying school start time with sleep duration, timing, and quality among adolescents","volume":"174","author":"Widome R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Widome R, Berger AT, Iber C, et\u00a0al. Association of delaying school start time with sleep duration, timing, and quality among adolescents. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(7):697. doi:10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0344"},{"issue":"1","key":"r50","series-title":"J Sch Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13506","article-title":"Effect of delaying high school start time on teen physical activity, screen use, and sports and extracurricular activity participation: results from start","volume":"95","author":"Berger AT","year":"2025","unstructured":"Berger AT, Erickson DJ, Johnson KT, et\u00a0al. Effect of delaying high school start time on teen physical activity, screen use, and sports and extracurricular activity participation: results from start. J Sch Health. 2025;95(1):70\u201377. doi:10.1111\/josh.13506"},{"key":"r51","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"809","article-title":"School start times for middle school and high school students\u2014United States, 2011-12 school year","volume":"64","author":"Frieden TR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frieden TR, Jaffe HW, Cono J, Richards CL, Iademarco MF. School start times for middle school and high school students\u2014United States, 2011-12 school year. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64:809\u2013813."},{"key":"r52","series-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2021-0177","article-title":"Bidirectional daily associations between accelerometer-measured sleep and physical activity in Brazilian high school students","volume":"35","author":"Malheiros LEA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malheiros LEA, Da Costa BGG, Lopes MVV, Felden \u00c9PG, Da Silva KS. Bidirectional daily associations between accelerometer-measured sleep and physical activity in Brazilian high school students. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2022;35:8\u201314. doi:10.1123\/pes.2021-0177"},{"issue":"3","key":"r53","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030710","article-title":"Bidirectional associations between objective physical activity and sleep patterns in Spanish school children","volume":"17","author":"\u00c1vila-Garc\u00eda M","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00c1vila-Garc\u00eda M, Femia-Marzo P, Huertas-Delgado FJ, Tercedor P. Bidirectional associations between objective physical activity and sleep patterns in Spanish school children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(3):710. doi:10.3390\/ijerph17030710"},{"issue":"3","key":"r54","series-title":"Health Educ Behav","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198112451266","article-title":"A cross-cultural comparison of sleep duration between U.S. and Australian adolescents: the effect of school start time, parent-set bedtimes, and extracurricular load","volume":"40","author":"Short MA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Short MA, Gradisar M, Lack LC, et\u00a0al. A cross-cultural comparison of sleep duration between U.S. and Australian adolescents: the effect of school start time, parent-set bedtimes, and extracurricular load. Health Educ Behav. 2013;40(3):323\u2013330. doi:10.1177\/1090198112451266"},{"issue":"4","key":"r55","series-title":"Revis Paul Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rppede.2015.08.009","article-title":"Sleep in adolescents of different socioeconomic status: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Felden \u00c9PG","year":"2015","unstructured":"Felden \u00c9PG, Leite CR, Rebelatto CF, Andrade RD, Beltrame TS. Sleep in adolescents of different socioeconomic status: a systematic review. Revis Paul Pediatr. 2015;33(4):467\u2013473. doi:10.1016\/j.rppede.2015.08.009"},{"issue":"6","key":"r56","series-title":"Sleep Med Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.12.002","article-title":"The relationships between sex, age, geography and time in bed in adolescents: a meta-analysis of data from 23 countries","volume":"14","author":"Olds T","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olds T, Blunden S, Petkov J, Forchino F. The relationships between sex, age, geography and time in bed in adolescents: a meta-analysis of data from 23 countries. Sleep Med Rev. 2010;14(6):371\u2013378. doi:10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.12.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"r57","series-title":"J Adolesc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2021.09.004","article-title":"Sleep trajectories from early adolescence to emerging adulthood: evidence from a nine\u2010year population\u2010based study","volume":"92","author":"Chen J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen J, Chen W. Sleep trajectories from early adolescence to emerging adulthood: evidence from a nine\u2010year population\u2010based study. J Adolesc. 2021;92(1):177\u2013188. doi:10.1016\/j.adolescence.2021.09.004"},{"issue":"14","key":"r1","series-title":"J Am Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0158","article-title":"The state of US health, 1990-2016: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors among US states","volume":"319","author":"The US Burden of Disease Collaborators","year":"2018","unstructured":"The US Burden of Disease Collaborators, Mokdad AH, Ballestros K, et\u00a0al. The state of US health, 1990-2016: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors among US states. J Am Med Assoc. 2018;319(14):1444\u20131472. doi:10.1001\/jama.2018.0158"},{"key":"r2","series-title":"School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity","first-page":"1","year":"2011","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity. 2011:1\u201376."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans","year":"2018","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2nd ed. 2018."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6708a1","article-title":"Youth risk behavior surveillance\u2014United States, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Kann L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kann L, McManus T, Harris W, et\u00a0al. Youth risk behavior surveillance\u2014United States, 2017. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2018;67:1\u2013114. doi:10.15585\/mmwr.ss6708a1"},{"key":"r5","article-title":"Increase the proportion of adolescents who do enough aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity\u2014data\u2014healthy People 2030 | health.gov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Healthy People 2030. Increase the proportion of adolescents who do enough aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity\u2014data\u2014healthy People 2030 | health.gov. 2024. Accessed September 10, 2024. https:\/\/health.gov\/healthypeople\/objectives-and-data\/browse-objectives\/physical-activity\/increase-proportion-adolescents-who-do-enough-aerobic-and-muscle-strengthening-activity-pa-08\/data?group=None&from=2017&to=2019&state=United%20States&populations="},{"key":"r6","article-title":"1991-2023 high school youth risk behavior survey data","year":"2025","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1991-2023 high school youth risk behavior survey data. 2025. Accessed March 26, 2025. http:\/\/yrbs-explorer.services.cdc.gov\/"},{"issue":"8","key":"r7","series-title":"Am J Health Promot","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117119854043","article-title":"Secular trends in sedentary behavior among high school students in the United States, 2003 to 2015","volume":"33","author":"Ryu S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ryu S, Kim H, Kang M, Pedisic Z, Loprinzi PD. Secular trends in sedentary behavior among high school students in the United States, 2003 to 2015. Am J Health Promot. 2019;33(8):1174\u20131181. doi:10.1177\/0890117119854043"},{"key":"r8","article-title":"Increase the proportion of high school students who get enough sleep\u2014SH-04 - Healthy People 2030 | health.gov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Healthy People 2030. Increase the proportion of high school students who get enough sleep\u2014SH-04 - Healthy People 2030 | health.gov. 2024. Accessed September 6, 2024. https:\/\/health.gov\/healthypeople\/objectives-and-data\/browse-objectives\/sleep\/increase-proportion-high-school-students-who-get-enough-sleep-sh-04"},{"issue":"5","key":"r9","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.05.041","article-title":"Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States","volume":"71","author":"Buxton OM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buxton OM, Marcelli E. Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(5):1027\u20131036. doi:10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.05.041"},{"issue":"2","key":"r10","series-title":"J Sleep Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00732.x","article-title":"Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"18","author":"Gallicchio L","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gallicchio L, Kalesan B. Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. J Sleep Res. 2009;18(2):148\u2013158. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00732.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"r11","series-title":"Sleep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.5.585","article-title":"Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"33","author":"Cappuccio FP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cappuccio FP, D\u2019Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sleep. 2010;33(5):585\u2013592. doi:10.1093\/sleep\/33.5.585"},{"issue":"11","key":"r12","series-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487313493057","article-title":"Sufficient sleep duration contributes to lower cardiovascular disease risk in addition to four traditional lifestyle factors: the MORGEN study","volume":"21","author":"Hoevenaar-Blom MP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoevenaar-Blom MP, Spijkerman AM, Kromhout D, Verschuren WM. Sufficient sleep duration contributes to lower cardiovascular disease risk in addition to four traditional lifestyle factors: the MORGEN study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2014;21(11):1367\u20131375. doi:10.1177\/2047487313493057"},{"issue":"3","key":"r13","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e921","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1696","article-title":"Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: an update on causes and consequences","volume":"134","author":"Owens J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Owens J, Adolescent Sleep Working Group, Committee On Adolescence. Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: an update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics. 2014;134(3):e921\u2013e932. doi:10.1542\/peds.2014-1696"},{"key":"r14","series-title":"J Sleep Dis Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-18-2065","article-title":"The effects of physical activity on sleep among adolescents and adults: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Desjardins S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Desjardins S, Tanguay-Labont\u00e9 M. The effects of physical activity on sleep among adolescents and adults: a narrative review. J Sleep Dis Res. 2018;10:42\u201359. doi:10.14302\/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-18-2065"},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Cureus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29669","article-title":"Physical activity and sleeping duration among adolescents in the US","volume":"10","author":"Ganz M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ganz M, Jacobs M, Alessandro C, et\u00a0al. Physical activity and sleeping duration among adolescents in the US. Cureus. 2022;10:669. doi:10.7759\/cureus.29669"},{"issue":"1","key":"r16","series-title":"Pediatr Obes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12015","article-title":"Sleep quality, sleep duration and physical activity in obese adolescents: effects of exercise training","volume":"11","author":"Mendelson M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mendelson M, Borowik A, Michallet AS, et\u00a0al. Sleep quality, sleep duration and physical activity in obese adolescents: effects of exercise training. Pediatr Obes. 2016;11(1):26\u201332. doi:10.1111\/ijpo.12015"},{"issue":"4","key":"r17","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093117","article-title":"Do more active children sleep more? A repeated cross-sectional analysis using accelerometry","volume":"9","author":"Williams SM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Williams SM, Farmer VL, Taylor BJ, Taylor RW. Do more active children sleep more? A repeated cross-sectional analysis using accelerometry. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e93117. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0093117"},{"issue":"3","key":"r18","series-title":"AJP Regul Integr Comp Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R714","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00355.2002","article-title":"Exercise elicits phase shifts and acute alterations of melatonin that vary with circadian phase","volume":"284","author":"Buxton OM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Buxton OM, Lee CW, L\u2019Hermite-Bal\u00e9riaux M, Turek FW, Van Cauter E. Exercise elicits phase shifts and acute alterations of melatonin that vary with circadian phase. AJP Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003;284(3):R714\u2013R724. doi:10.1152\/ajpregu.00355.2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"r19","series-title":"J Pineal Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00924.x","article-title":"Exercise and melatonin in humans: reciprocal benefits","volume":"52","author":"Escames G","year":"2012","unstructured":"Escames G, Ozturk G, Ba\u00f1o\u2010Ot\u00e1lora B, et\u00a0al. Exercise and melatonin in humans: reciprocal benefits. J Pineal Res. 2012;52(1):924. doi:10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00924.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"r20","series-title":"Sleep Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slsci.2014.11.001","article-title":"The effects of sleep loss on capacity and effort","volume":"7","author":"Engle-Friedman M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Engle-Friedman M. The effects of sleep loss on capacity and effort. Sleep Sci. 2014;7(4):213\u2013224. doi:10.1016\/j.slsci.2014.11.001"},{"key":"r21","series-title":"Sleep Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.007","article-title":"Inducing more sleep on school nights reduces sedentary behavior without affecting physical activity in short-sleeping adolescents","volume":"47","author":"Van Dyk TR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Dyk TR, Krietsch KN, Saelens BE, Whitacre C, McAlister S, Beebe DW. Inducing more sleep on school nights reduces sedentary behavior without affecting physical activity in short-sleeping adolescents. Sleep Med. 2018;47:7\u201310. doi:10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.007"},{"issue":"4","key":"r22","series-title":"Sleep Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2016.09.004","article-title":"Screen and nonscreen sedentary behavior and sleep in adolescents","volume":"2","author":"Brunetti VC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brunetti VC, O\u2019Loughlin EK, O\u2019Loughlin J, Constantin E, Pigeon \u00c9. Screen and nonscreen sedentary behavior and sleep in adolescents. Sleep Health. 2016;2(4):335\u2013340. doi:10.1016\/j.sleh.2016.09.004"},{"issue":"8","key":"r23","series-title":"Obes Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12188","article-title":"Associations between sedentary behaviour and physical activity in children and adolescents: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"15","author":"Pearson N","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pearson N, Braithwaite RE, Biddle SJH, Van Sluijs EMF, Atkin AJ. Associations between sedentary behaviour and physical activity in children and adolescents: a meta\u2010analysis. Obes Rev. 2014;15(8):666\u2013675. doi:10.1111\/obr.12188"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"r24","series-title":"Int J Obes Supp","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1038\/ijosup.2015.21","article-title":"Associations between sleep patterns and lifestyle behaviors in children: an international comparison","volume":"5","author":"Chaput JP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chaput JP, Katzmarzyk PT, LeBlanc AG, et\u00a0al. Associations between sleep patterns and lifestyle behaviors in children: an international comparison. Int J Obes Supp. 2015;5(suppl 2):S59\u2013S65. doi:10.1038\/ijosup.2015.21"},{"issue":"2","key":"r25","series-title":"J Sleep Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12241","article-title":"Objectively\u2010measured sleep and its association with adiposity and physical activity in a sample of Canadian children","volume":"24","author":"Mcneil J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mcneil J, Tremblay MS, Leduc G, et\u00a0al. Objectively\u2010measured sleep and its association with adiposity and physical activity in a sample of Canadian children. J Sleep Res. 2015;24(2):131\u2013139. doi:10.1111\/jsr.12241"},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Prev Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.12.006","article-title":"Temporal and bi-directional associations between sleep duration and physical activity\/sedentary time in children: an international comparison","volume":"111","author":"Lin Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin Y, Tremblay MS, Katzmarzyk PT, et\u00a0al. Temporal and bi-directional associations between sleep duration and physical activity\/sedentary time in children: an international comparison. Prev Med. 2018;111:436\u2013441. doi:10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.12.006"},{"issue":"1","key":"r27","series-title":"Sci Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44059-9","article-title":"Bidirectional, daily temporal associations between sleep and physical activity in adolescents","volume":"9","author":"Master L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Master L, Nye RT, Lee S, et\u00a0al. Bidirectional, daily temporal associations between sleep and physical activity in adolescents. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):7732. doi:10.1038\/s41598-019-44059-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"r28","series-title":"Sleep Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2018.10.012","article-title":"Temporal associations between circadian sleep and activity patterns in Mexican American children","volume":"5","author":"Martinez S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martinez S, Tschann J, McCulloch C, et\u00a0al. Temporal associations between circadian sleep and activity patterns in Mexican American children. Sleep Health. 2019;5(2):201\u2013207. doi:10.1016\/j.sleh.2018.10.012"},{"issue":"10","key":"r29","series-title":"Int J Obes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.149","article-title":"Short sleep duration is associated with increased obesity markers in European adolescents: effect of physical activity and dietary habits. The HELENA study","volume":"35","author":"Garaulet M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garaulet M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, et\u00a0al. Short sleep duration is associated with increased obesity markers in European adolescents: effect of physical activity and dietary habits. The HELENA study. Int J Obes. 2011;35(10):1308\u20131317. doi:10.1038\/ijo.2011.149"},{"issue":"8","key":"r30","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071417","article-title":"Light-intensity physical activity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in US adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Carson V","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carson V, Ridgers ND, Howard BJ, et\u00a0al. Light-intensity physical activity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in US adolescents. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e71417. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0071417"},{"issue":"6)(suppl 3)","key":"r31","series-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S197","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0663","article-title":"Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth","volume":"41","author":"Poitras VJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poitras VJ, Gray CE, Borghese MM, et\u00a0al. Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth.Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(6)(suppl 3)):S197\u2013S239. doi:10.1139\/apnm-2015-0663"},{"issue":"7347","key":"r32","series-title":"Br Med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7347.1193","article-title":"Patient non-compliance with paper diaries","volume":"324","author":"Stone AA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stone AA. Patient non-compliance with paper diaries. Br Med J. 2002;324(7347):1193\u20131194. doi:10.1136\/bmj.324.7347.1193"},{"issue":"4","key":"r33","series-title":"J Marriage Family","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12626","article-title":"Child and adolescent time use: a cross\u2010national study","volume":"82","author":"Gracia P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gracia P, Garcia\u2010Roman J, Oinas T, Anttila T. Child and adolescent time use: a cross\u2010national study. J Marriage Family. 2020;82(4):1304\u20131325. doi:10.1111\/jomf.12626"},{"issue":"6","key":"r34","series-title":"Epidemiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318187a7b0","article-title":"Self-reported and measured sleep duration: how similar are they?","volume":"19","author":"Lauderdale DS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lauderdale DS, Knutson KL, Yan LL, Liu K, Rathouz PJ. Self-reported and measured sleep duration: how similar are they? Epidemiology. 2008;19(6):838\u2013845. doi:10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318187a7b0"},{"issue":"1","key":"r35","series-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1308.032","article-title":"Regulation of adolescent sleep: implications for behavior","volume":"1021","author":"Carskadon MA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Carskadon MA, Acebo C, Jenni OG. Regulation of adolescent sleep: implications for behavior. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1021(1):276\u2013291. doi:10.1196\/annals.1308.032"},{"issue":"3","key":"r36","series-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2011.03.003","article-title":"Sleep in adolescents: the perfect storm","volume":"58","author":"Carskadon MA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carskadon MA. Sleep in adolescents: the perfect storm. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011;58(3):637\u2013647. doi:10.1016\/j.pcl.2011.03.003"},{"issue":"4","key":"r37","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005217","article-title":"Consequences of the timing of menarche on female adolescent sleep phase preference","volume":"4","author":"Frey S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frey S, Balu S, Greusing S, Rothen N, Cajochen C. Consequences of the timing of menarche on female adolescent sleep phase preference. PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5217. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0005217"},{"issue":"3","key":"r38","series-title":"J Sleep Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2005.00467.x","article-title":"Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior","volume":"14","author":"Taylor DJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taylor DJ, Jenni OG, Acebo C, Carskadon MA. Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior. J Sleep Res. 2005;14(3):239\u2013244. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2005.00467.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"r39","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2707","article-title":"The great sleep recession: changes in sleep duration among US adolescents, 1991\u20132012","volume":"135","author":"Keyes KM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keyes KM, Maslowsky J, Hamilton A, Schulenberg J. The great sleep recession: changes in sleep duration among US adolescents, 1991\u20132012. Pediatrics. 2015;135(3):460\u2013468. doi:10.1542\/peds.2014-2707"},{"issue":"1","key":"r40","series-title":"Obs Stud","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1353\/obs.2020.0013","article-title":"The START study: an evaluation to study the impact of a natural experiment in high school start times on adolescent weight and related behaviors","volume":"6","author":"Widome R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Widome R, Wahlstrom KL, Laska MN, et\u00a0al. The START study: an evaluation to study the impact of a natural experiment in high school start times on adolescent weight and related behaviors. Obs Stud. 2020;6(1):66\u201385. doi:10.1353\/obs.2020.0013"},{"issue":"3","key":"r41","series-title":"Sleep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.3.342","article-title":"The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms","volume":"26","author":"Ancoli-Israel S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ancoli-Israel S, Cole R, Alessi C, Chambers M, Moorcroft W, Pollak CP. The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep. 2003;26(3):342\u2013392. doi:10.1093\/sleep\/26.3.342"},{"issue":"22","key":"r42","series-title":"J Sports Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1794244","article-title":"Development of cut-points for determining activity intensity from a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer in free-living adults","volume":"38","author":"Montoye AHK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Montoye AHK, Clevenger KA, Pfeiffer KA, et\u00a0al. Development of cut-points for determining activity intensity from a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer in free-living adults. J Sports Sci. 2020;38(22):2569\u20132578. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2020.1794244"},{"issue":"12","key":"r43","series-title":"Scand Med Sci Sports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12795","article-title":"Evaluation of raw acceleration sedentary thresholds in children and adults","volume":"27","author":"Hildebrand M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hildebrand M, Hansen BH, Van Hees VT, Ekelund U. Evaluation of raw acceleration sedentary thresholds in children and adults. Scand Med Sci Sports. 2017;27(12):1814\u20131823. doi:10.1111\/sms.12795"},{"issue":"5","key":"r44","series-title":"Sleep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.5.461","article-title":"Automatic sleep\/wake identification from wrist activity","volume":"15","author":"Cole RJ","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cole RJ, Kripke DF, Gruen W, Mullaney DJ, Gillin JC. Automatic sleep\/wake identification from wrist activity. Sleep. 1992;15(5):461\u2013469. doi:10.1093\/sleep\/15.5.461"},{"issue":"3","key":"r45","series-title":"J Meas Phys Behav","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1123\/jmpb.2018-0063","article-title":"GGIR: a research community\u2013driven open source R package for generating physical activity and sleep outcomes from multi-day raw accelerometer data","volume":"2","author":"Migueles JH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Migueles JH, Rowlands AV, Huber F, Sabia S, Van Hees VT. GGIR: a research community\u2013driven open source R package for generating physical activity and sleep outcomes from multi-day raw accelerometer data. J Meas Phys Behav. 2019;2(3):188\u2013196. doi:10.1123\/jmpb.2018-0063"},{"issue":"4","key":"r46","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061691","article-title":"Separating movement and gravity components in an acceleration signal and implications for the assessment of human daily physical activity","volume":"8","author":"Van Hees VT","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Hees VT, Gorzelniak L, Dean Le\u00f3n EC, et\u00a0al. Separating movement and gravity components in an acceleration signal and implications for the assessment of human daily physical activity. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61691. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0061691"},{"issue":"6","key":"r47","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt330","article-title":"Association between questionnaire- and accelerometer-assessed physical activity: the role of sociodemographic factors","volume":"179","author":"Sabia S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sabia S, Van Hees VT, Shipley MJ, et\u00a0al. Association between questionnaire- and accelerometer-assessed physical activity: the role of sociodemographic factors. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(6):781\u2013790. doi:10.1093\/aje\/kwt330"},{"issue":"6","key":"r48","series-title":"Health Educ Behav","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198111429822","article-title":"The elasticity of time: associations between physical activity and use of time in adolescents","volume":"39","author":"Olds T","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olds T, Ferrar KE, Gomersall SR, Maher C, Walters JL. The elasticity of time: associations between physical activity and use of time in adolescents. Health Educ Behav. 2012;39(6):732\u2013736. doi:10.1177\/1090198111429822"},{"issue":"7","key":"r49","series-title":"JAMA Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0344","article-title":"Association of delaying school start time with sleep duration, timing, and quality among adolescents","volume":"174","author":"Widome R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Widome R, Berger AT, Iber C, et\u00a0al. Association of delaying school start time with sleep duration, timing, and quality among adolescents. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(7):697. doi:10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0344"},{"issue":"1","key":"r50","series-title":"J Sch Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13506","article-title":"Effect of delaying high school start time on teen physical activity, screen use, and sports and extracurricular activity participation: results from start","volume":"95","author":"Berger AT","year":"2025","unstructured":"Berger AT, Erickson DJ, Johnson KT, et\u00a0al. Effect of delaying high school start time on teen physical activity, screen use, and sports and extracurricular activity participation: results from start. J Sch Health. 2025;95(1):70\u201377. doi:10.1111\/josh.13506"},{"key":"r51","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"809","article-title":"School start times for middle school and high school students\u2014United States, 2011-12 school year","volume":"64","author":"Frieden TR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frieden TR, Jaffe HW, Cono J, Richards CL, Iademarco MF. School start times for middle school and high school students\u2014United States, 2011-12 school year. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64:809\u2013813."},{"key":"r52","series-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2021-0177","article-title":"Bidirectional daily associations between accelerometer-measured sleep and physical activity in Brazilian high school students","volume":"35","author":"Malheiros LEA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malheiros LEA, Da Costa BGG, Lopes MVV, Felden \u00c9PG, Da Silva KS. Bidirectional daily associations between accelerometer-measured sleep and physical activity in Brazilian high school students. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2022;35:8\u201314. doi:10.1123\/pes.2021-0177"},{"issue":"3","key":"r53","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030710","article-title":"Bidirectional associations between objective physical activity and sleep patterns in Spanish school children","volume":"17","author":"\u00c1vila-Garc\u00eda M","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00c1vila-Garc\u00eda M, Femia-Marzo P, Huertas-Delgado FJ, Tercedor P. Bidirectional associations between objective physical activity and sleep patterns in Spanish school children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(3):710. doi:10.3390\/ijerph17030710"},{"issue":"3","key":"r54","series-title":"Health Educ Behav","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198112451266","article-title":"A cross-cultural comparison of sleep duration between U.S. and Australian adolescents: the effect of school start time, parent-set bedtimes, and extracurricular load","volume":"40","author":"Short MA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Short MA, Gradisar M, Lack LC, et\u00a0al. A cross-cultural comparison of sleep duration between U.S. and Australian adolescents: the effect of school start time, parent-set bedtimes, and extracurricular load. Health Educ Behav. 2013;40(3):323\u2013330. doi:10.1177\/1090198112451266"},{"issue":"4","key":"r55","series-title":"Revis Paul Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rppede.2015.08.009","article-title":"Sleep in adolescents of different socioeconomic status: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Felden \u00c9PG","year":"2015","unstructured":"Felden \u00c9PG, Leite CR, Rebelatto CF, Andrade RD, Beltrame TS. Sleep in adolescents of different socioeconomic status: a systematic review. Revis Paul Pediatr. 2015;33(4):467\u2013473. doi:10.1016\/j.rppede.2015.08.009"},{"issue":"6","key":"r56","series-title":"Sleep Med Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.12.002","article-title":"The relationships between sex, age, geography and time in bed in adolescents: a meta-analysis of data from 23 countries","volume":"14","author":"Olds T","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olds T, Blunden S, Petkov J, Forchino F. The relationships between sex, age, geography and time in bed in adolescents: a meta-analysis of data from 23 countries. Sleep Med Rev. 2010;14(6):371\u2013378. doi:10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.12.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"r57","series-title":"J Adolesc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2021.09.004","article-title":"Sleep trajectories from early adolescence to emerging adulthood: evidence from a nine\u2010year population\u2010based study","volume":"92","author":"Chen J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen J, Chen W. Sleep trajectories from early adolescence to emerging adulthood: evidence from a nine\u2010year population\u2010based study. J Adolesc. 2021;92(1):177\u2013188. doi:10.1016\/j.adolescence.2021.09.004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Physical Activity and Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jpah\/23\/4\/article-p468.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jpah\/23\/4\/article-p468.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jpah\/23\/4\/article-p468.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T15:12:35Z","timestamp":1773846755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jpah\/23\/4\/article-p468.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jpah.2025-0247","relation":{},"ISSN":["1543-3080","1543-5474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1543-3080","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-5474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}}}