{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:26:15Z","timestamp":1794018375473,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Physical inactivity and mental distress were prevalent across African populations during COVID-19. However, limited research has explored the role of sedentary time in shaping mental health outcomes during the pandemic. In this study, sedentary time during COVID-19 and its moderating role in the relationship between COVID-19 symptom burden and mental health outcomes were examined in Botswana, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Cross-sectional data (April 2020 to November 2022) from 3125 adults (male\u2009=\u200952.3%,\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200927.05, SD\u2009=\u20098.91) were analyzed. Participants completed self-report measures of COVID-19 symptoms (eg,\u00a0persistent cough and unusual fatigue), physical activity and sedentary time (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form), as well as anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire).\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Median sedentary time per day was lower in Nigeria (median\u2009=\u2009120, interquartile range\u2009=\u2009150) and Tanzania (median\u2009=\u2009120, interquartile range\u2009=\u2009180) than in Botswana and Ghana (median\u2009=\u2009180, interquartile range\u2009=\u2009180). Overall, sedentary time moderated the positive relationship between COVID-19 symptom burden and depressive symptoms (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.60,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.012), with stronger associations at higher sitting time (simple slope:\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.27,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). At the country level, this moderating effect was observed only in Ghana (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.38,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001; simple slope:\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.40,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    These findings highlight cross-country variation in sedentary time during the pandemic and suggest that greater sedentary time exacerbated the relationship between COVID-19 symptom burden and depressive symptoms, particularly in Ghana. Context-specific factors and differing pandemic responses may help explain these country-level differences.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2025-0511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T01:36:38Z","timestamp":1786584998000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Sedentary Time as a Moderator in the Relationship Between COVID-19 Symptom Burden and Mental Health Outcomes in 4 African Countries"],"prefix":"10.1123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8081-0999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leapetswe","family":"Malete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 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