{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T02:25:07Z","timestamp":1793845507590,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Adolescent mental health is shaped by multiple factors. This study examined the association between intersectional identity based on gender and family-socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health and whether this association differs by the function of health behaviors (ie,\u00a0physical activity, screen time, and sleep) among Korean adolescents.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Nationally representative, cross-sectional, self-reported data from the 2023 Korea Youth Behavior Web-Based Survey (N\u2009=\u200952,880, 12\u201318\u00a0y) were used. Intersectional identity included gender and family SES. Mental health factors included stress, depressive symptoms, and loneliness. Health behaviors included physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep. Covariates were age, academic performance, and parental educational attainment. Decision tree models, logistic regressions, and moderation analyses were conducted.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Compared with boys, more girls reported high stress (31% vs 44%), depressive symptoms (21% vs 31%), and loneliness (49% vs 63%). A statistically significant interaction between gender\u2009\u00d7\u2009family SES was observed only for loneliness, with girls with low-family-SES reporting the highest likelihood (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20093.60; 95% CI, 3.28\u20133.95). Physical activity and sleep moderated the association between intersectional identity and loneliness, with sleep showing more salient results. Specifically, not meeting the sleep recommendation was associated with greater loneliness, especially for more marginalized identity groups in a linear manner (boys\u2009\u00d7\u2009mid-family-SES: OR\u2009=\u20091.65; boys\u00a0\u00d7 low-family-SES: OR\u2009=\u20092.75; girls\u2009\u00d7\u2009high-family-SES: OR\u2009=\u20092.46; girls\u2009\u00d7\u2009mid-family-SES: OR\u2009=\u20093.01; and girls\u2009\u00d7\u2009low-family-SES: OR\u2009=\u20095.24).\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Meeting sleep recommendations may buffer intersectionality-linked loneliness particularly for girls across SES levels and boys with mid-family-SES. Sleep-focused strategies may offer opportunities to address the adolescent loneliness epidemic in Korea.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2026-0045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T02:08:38Z","timestamp":1787364518000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sleep Matters: Sleep as a Buffer of Intersectional Identity-Linked Mental Health Among 52,880 South Korean Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5374-5597","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heejun","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9580-8974","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eun-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Gender Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"r1","series-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1","article-title":"The age of adolescence","volume":"2","author":"Sawyer SM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sawyer SM, Azzopardi PS, Wickremarathne D, Patton GC. The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018;2(3):223\u2013228. PubMed ID: 30169257 doi:10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1"},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Curr Opin Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.10.005","article-title":"Stress and adolescence: vulnerability and opportunity during a sensitive window of development","volume":"44","author":"Sisk LM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sisk LM, Gee DG. Stress and adolescence: vulnerability and opportunity during a sensitive window of development. Curr Opin Psychol. 2022;44:286\u2013292. PubMed ID: 34818623 doi:10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.10.005"},{"issue":"9820","key":"r3","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60871-4","article-title":"Depression in adolescence","volume":"379","author":"Thapar A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thapar A, Collishaw S, Pine DS, Thapar AK. Depression in adolescence. Lancet. 2012;379(9820):1056\u20131067. PubMed ID: 22305766 doi:10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60871-4"},{"key":"r4","series-title":"BMJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-067068","article-title":"The prevalence of loneliness across 113 countries: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"376","author":"Surkalim DL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Surkalim DL, Luo M, Eres R, et\u00a0al. The prevalence of loneliness across 113 countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2022;376:e067068. doi:10.1136\/bmj-2021-067068"},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.04.026","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"90","author":"Reiss F","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reiss F. Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med. 2013;90:24\u201331. PubMed ID: 23746605 doi:10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.04.026"},{"issue":"4","key":"r6","series-title":"Child Adolesc Social Work J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-019-00628-5","article-title":"Marginalized youth, mental health, and connection with others: a review of the literature","volume":"37","author":"Sapiro B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sapiro B, Ward A. Marginalized youth, mental health, and connection with others: a review of the literature. Child Adolesc Social Work J. 2020;37(4):343\u2013357. doi:10.1007\/s10560-019-00628-5"},{"key":"r7","series-title":"SSM Popul Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100742","article-title":"The gender gap in adolescent mental health: A cross-national investigation of 566,829 adolescents across 73 countries","volume":"13","author":"Campbell OLK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Campbell OLK, Bann D, Patalay P. The gender gap in adolescent mental health: A cross-national investigation of 566,829 adolescents across 73 countries. SSM Popul Health. 2021;13:100742. doi:10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100742"},{"key":"r8","series-title":"The 19th (2023) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Statistics","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The 19th (2023) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Statistics. 2024."},{"issue":"3","key":"r9","series-title":"Child Indic Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-013-9180-z","article-title":"Effects of objective and subjective socioeconomic status on self-rated health, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in adolescents","volume":"6","author":"Jeon G-S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jeon G-S, Ha Y, Choi E. Effects of objective and subjective socioeconomic status on self-rated health, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Child Indic Res. 2013;6(3):479\u2013492. doi:10.1007\/s12187-013-9180-z"},{"issue":"10","key":"r10","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047025","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent depression in South Korea: a multilevel analysis","volume":"7","author":"Park HY","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park HY, Heo J, Subramanian SV, Kawachi I, Oh J. Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent depression in South Korea: a multilevel analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47025. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0047025"},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Dialogues Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dialog.2025.100262","article-title":"Intersectional identity, risk behaviors, and adolescent mental health in South Korea: who suffers the most in the loneliness epidemic?","volume":"8","author":"Lee E-Y","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lee E-Y, Lim H. Intersectional identity, risk behaviors, and adolescent mental health in South Korea: who suffers the most in the loneliness epidemic? Dialogues Health. 2026;8:100262. doi:10.1016\/j.dialog.2025.100262"},{"key":"r12","series-title":"J Adolesc Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.02.013","article-title":"Intersectionality and adolescent mental well-being: A cross-nationally comparative analysis of the interplay between immigration background, socioeconomic status and gender","volume":"66","author":"Kern MR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kern MR, Duinhof EL, Walsh SD, et\u00a0al. Intersectionality and adolescent mental well-being: A cross-nationally comparative analysis of the interplay between immigration background, socioeconomic status and gender. J Adolesc Health. 2020;66:S12\u2013S20. doi:10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.02.013"},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.019","article-title":"Intersectionality and depression in adolescence and early adulthood: a MAIHDA analysis of the national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health, 1995\u20132008","volume":"220","author":"Evans CR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Evans CR, Erickson N. Intersectionality and depression in adolescence and early adulthood: a MAIHDA analysis of the national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health, 1995\u20132008. Soc Sci Med. 2019;220:1\u201311. PubMed ID: 30390469 doi:10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.019"},{"issue":"1","key":"r14","series-title":"Annu Rev Sociol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-073014-112142","article-title":"Intersectionality\u2019s definitional dilemmas","volume":"41","author":"Collins PH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Collins PH. Intersectionality\u2019s definitional dilemmas. Annu Rev Sociol. 2015;41(1):1\u201320. doi:10.1146\/annurev-soc-073014-112142"},{"key":"r15","series-title":"U Chi Legal F","first-page":"139","article-title":"Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics","volume":"140","author":"Crenshaw K","year":"1989","unstructured":"Crenshaw K. Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. U Chi Legal F. 1989;140:139\u2013168."},{"issue":"7","key":"r16","series-title":"Am J Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300750","article-title":"The problem with the phrase women and minorities: intersectionality\u2014an important theoretical framework for public health","volume":"102","author":"Bowleg L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bowleg L. The problem with the phrase women and minorities: intersectionality\u2014an important theoretical framework for public health. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(7):1267\u20131273. PubMed ID: 22594719 doi:10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300750"},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Ment Health Phys Act","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2018.02.001","article-title":"Meeting 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth and associations with psychological well-being among South Korean adolescents","volume":"14","author":"Lee E-Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee E-Y, Spence JC, Tremblay MS, Carson V. Meeting 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth and associations with psychological well-being among South Korean adolescents. Ment Health Phys Act. 2018;14:66\u201373. doi:10.1016\/j.mhpa.2018.02.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"r18","series-title":"J Sport Health Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.11.001","article-title":"Six-year trends and intersectional correlates of meeting 24-hour movement guidelines among South Korean adolescents: Korea youth risk behavior surveys, 2013\u20132018","volume":"12","author":"Lee E-Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee E-Y, Khan A, Uddin R, Lim E, George L. Six-year trends and intersectional correlates of meeting 24-hour movement guidelines among South Korean adolescents: Korea youth risk behavior surveys, 2013\u20132018. J Sport Health Sci. 2020;12(2):255\u2013265. PubMed ID: 33188965 doi:10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.11.001"},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.08.011","article-title":"Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: an updated review of reviews and an analysis of causality","volume":"42","author":"Biddle SJH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Biddle SJH, Ciaccioni S, Thomas G, Vergeer I. Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: an updated review of reviews and an analysis of causality. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2019;42:146\u2013155. doi:10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.08.011"},{"issue":"1","key":"r20","series-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-016-0432-4","article-title":"The associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health among adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Hoare E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoare E, Milton K, Foster C, Allender S. The associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health among adolescents: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016;13(1):108. doi:10.1186\/s12966-016-0432-4"},{"key":"r21","series-title":"Sleep Med Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2020.101311","article-title":"The relationship between sleep duration and mood in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Short MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Short MA, Booth SA, Omar O, Ostlundh L, Arora T. The relationship between sleep duration and mood in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;52:101311. doi:10.1016\/j.smrv.2020.101311"},{"key":"r22","series-title":"SSM Popul Health","article-title":"Intersectionality in quantitative research: a systematic review of its emergence and applications of theory and methods","volume":"14","author":"Bauer GR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bauer GR, Churchill SM, Mahendran M, Walwyn C, Lizotte D, Villa-Rueda AA. Intersectionality in quantitative research: a systematic review of its emergence and applications of theory and methods. SSM Popul Health. 2021;14:100798."},{"issue":"2","key":"r23","series-title":"J Phys Act Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2022-0639","article-title":"An urgent need for quantitative intersectionality in physical activity and health research","volume":"20","author":"Lee E-Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee E-Y, Airton L, Lim H, Jung E. An urgent need for quantitative intersectionality in physical activity and health research. J Phys Act Health. 2023;20(2):97\u201399. PubMed ID: 36634309 doi:10.1123\/jpah.2022-0639"},{"key":"r24","series-title":"SSM Popul Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100808","article-title":"Operationalization of intersectionality in physical activity and sport research: a systematic scoping review","volume":"14","author":"Lim H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lim H, Jung E, Jodoin K, Du X, Airton L, Lee E-Y. Operationalization of intersectionality in physical activity and sport research: a systematic scoping review. SSM Popul Health. 2021;14:100808. doi:10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100808"},{"issue":"4","key":"r25","series-title":"J Clin Sport Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1123\/jcsp.2021-0069","article-title":"The operationalizing intersectionality framework","volume":"16","author":"Kriger D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kriger D, Keyser-Verreault A, Joseph J, Peers D. The operationalizing intersectionality framework. J Clin Sport Psychol. 2022;16(4):302\u2013324. doi:10.1123\/jcsp.2021-0069"},{"issue":"4","key":"r26","series-title":"Int J Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw070","article-title":"Data resource profile: the Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey (KYRBS)","volume":"45","author":"Kim Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim Y, Choi S, Chun C, Park S, Khang Y-H, Oh K. Data resource profile: the Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey (KYRBS). Int J Epidemiol. 2016;45(4):1076\u20131076e. PubMed ID: 27380796 doi:10.1093\/ije\/dyw070"},{"key":"r27","series-title":"Ment Health Phys Act","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2023.100539","article-title":"Associations between different types of sedentary behavior and mental health: gender-stratified analyses among 97,171 South Korean adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Goo SY","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goo SY, Lee TH, Lim H, Lee E-Y, Kim JY, Jeon JY. Associations between different types of sedentary behavior and mental health: gender-stratified analyses among 97,171 South Korean adolescents. Ment Health Phys Act. 2023;25:100539. doi:10.1016\/j.mhpa.2023.100539"},{"issue":"18","key":"r28","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.16405","article-title":"Reporting sex, gender, or both in clinical research?","volume":"316","author":"Clayton JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Clayton JA, Tannenbaum C. Reporting sex, gender, or both in clinical research? JAMA. 2016;316(18):1863\u20131864. PubMed ID: 27802482 doi:10.1001\/jama.2016.16405"},{"issue":"6","key":"r29","series-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S311","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0151","article-title":"Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep","volume":"41","author":"Tremblay MS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tremblay MS, Carson V, Chaput J-P, et\u00a0al. Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth: an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(6):S311\u2013S327. doi:10.1139\/apnm-2016-0151"},{"issue":"1","key":"r30","series-title":"Sci Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30983-6","article-title":"Family structure, adolescent mental health, and the role of advisors in the cultural and social context of South Korea","volume":"16","author":"Kim SM","year":"2026","unstructured":"Kim SM, Lee SK, Chang J, Son JS, Kim KH, Park SM. Family structure, adolescent mental health, and the role of advisors in the cultural and social context of South Korea. Sci Rep. 2026;16(1):1613. doi:10.1038\/s41598-025-30983-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"r31","series-title":"BMC Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-24215-9","article-title":"Associations between adhering to 24-hour movement guidelines and anxiety among adolescents across intersectional identities: KYRBS 2020\u20132022","volume":"25","author":"Ryu S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ryu S, Lee EY, Gao Z. Associations between adhering to 24-hour movement guidelines and anxiety among adolescents across intersectional identities: KYRBS 2020\u20132022. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):3103. doi:10.1186\/s12889-025-24215-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"r32","series-title":"Clin Psychol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702620922969","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the relationship between sleep problems and loneliness","volume":"8","author":"Hom MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hom MA, Chu C, Rogers ML, Joiner TE. A meta-analysis of the relationship between sleep problems and loneliness. Clin Psychol Sci. 2020;8(5):799\u2013824. doi:10.1177\/2167702620922969"},{"issue":"6, suppl 3","key":"r33","series-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S266","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0627","article-title":"Systematic review of the relationships between sleep duration and health indicators in school-aged children and youth","volume":"41","author":"Chaput J-P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chaput J-P, Gray CE, Poitras VJ, et\u00a0al. Systematic review of the relationships between sleep duration and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(6, suppl 3):S266\u2013S282. PubMed ID: 27306433 doi:10.1139\/apnm-2015-0627"},{"key":"r34","series-title":"Sleep Med Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.12.005","article-title":"Social interactions, emotion and sleep: a systematic review and research agenda","volume":"24","author":"Beattie L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beattie L, Kyle SD, Espie CA, Biello SM. Social interactions, emotion and sleep: a systematic review and research agenda. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;24:83\u2013100. PubMed ID: 25697832 doi:10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.12.005"},{"issue":"2","key":"r35","series-title":"J Korean Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.2.261","article-title":"Sleep patterns among South Korean infants and toddlers: global comparison","volume":"31","author":"Ahn Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahn Y, Williamson AA, Seo HJ, Sadeh A, Mindell JA. Sleep patterns among South Korean infants and toddlers: global comparison. J Korean Med Sci. 2016;31(2):261\u2013269. PubMed ID: 26839481 doi:10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.2.261"},{"key":"r36","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0815G","article-title":"Age-related changes in sleep\/wake patterns among Korean teenagers","volume":"115","author":"Yang C-K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yang C-K, Kim JK, Patel SR, Lee J-H. Age-related changes in sleep\/wake patterns among Korean teenagers. Pediatrics. 2005;115:250\u2013256. PubMed ID: 15866859 doi:10.1542\/peds.2004-0815G"},{"issue":"1","key":"r37","series-title":"Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2016.1177849","article-title":"Loneliness and physical activity: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Pels F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pels F, Kleinert J. Loneliness and physical activity: a systematic review. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2016;9(1):231\u2013260. doi:10.1080\/1750984X.2016.1177849"},{"issue":"1","key":"r38","series-title":"Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2024.2405507","article-title":"Loneliness in sport: a systematic mixed studies review","volume":"19","author":"Jackman PC","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jackman PC, Hawkins RM, Bird MD, Williamson O, Vella SA, Lazuras L. Loneliness in sport: a systematic mixed studies review. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2024:19(1):99\u2013125. doi:10.1080\/1750984X.2024.2405507"},{"issue":"3","key":"r39","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.01047.x","article-title":"Effects of socioeconomic status on the physical activity in adolescents: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"20","author":"Stalsberg R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stalsberg R, Pedersen AV. Effects of socioeconomic status on the physical activity in adolescents: a systematic review of the evidence. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(3):368\u2013383. PubMed ID: 20136763 doi:10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.01047.x"},{"key":"r40","series-title":"Front Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1559554","article-title":"Physical activity in adolescents of different family socioeconomic status: the moderating role of gender","volume":"13","author":"Zhang T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang T, Li M, Zhang F, et\u00a0al. Physical activity in adolescents of different family socioeconomic status: the moderating role of gender. Front Pediatr. 2025;13:1559554. doi:10.3389\/fped.2025.1559554"},{"issue":"6","key":"r41","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063353","article-title":"A systematic review of factors associated with sport participation among adolescent females","volume":"19","author":"Hopkins CS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hopkins CS, Hopkins C, Kanny S, Watson A. A systematic review of factors associated with sport participation among adolescent females. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(6):3353. doi:10.3390\/ijerph19063353"},{"issue":"5","key":"r42","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003636","article-title":"Up for debate: does regular physical activity really improve mental health?","volume":"57","author":"Bustamante EE","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bustamante EE, Brellenthin AG, Brown DR, O\u2019Connor PJ. Up for debate: does regular physical activity really improve mental health? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2025;57(5):1056\u20131066. PubMed ID: 39696764 doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003636"},{"issue":"1","key":"r43","series-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act","article-title":"A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport","volume":"10","author":"Eime RM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eime RM, Young JA, Harvey JT, Charity MJ, Payne WR. A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013;10(1):98."},{"issue":"1","key":"r44","series-title":"Sage Open","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440221087272","article-title":"The benefits and barriers of sport for children from low-income settings: an integrative literature review","volume":"12","author":"Nelson HJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nelson HJ, Spurr S, Bally JMG. The benefits and barriers of sport for children from low-income settings: an integrative literature review. Sage Open. 2022;12(1):1\u201312. doi:10.1177\/21582440221087272"},{"key":"r45","author":"Bae S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bae S, Lee C, Kim N. A study on media usage among adolescents and policy responses by target group II: Teenagers. National Youth Policy Institute. 2021."},{"key":"r46","series-title":"The 19th (2023) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Raw Data User Guide","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The 19th (2023) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Raw Data User Guide. 2024."},{"key":"r47","series-title":"Front Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.822741","article-title":"Smartphone use type, fear of missing out, social support, and smartphone screen time among adolescents in Korea: Interactive effects","volume":"10","author":"Song H-Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song H-Y, Kim J-H. Smartphone use type, fear of missing out, social support, and smartphone screen time among adolescents in Korea: Interactive effects. Front Public Health. 2022;10:822741. doi:10.3389\/fpubh.2022.822741"},{"issue":"10","key":"r48","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103661","article-title":"The conceptual and methodological mayhem of \u201cscreen time","volume":"17","author":"Kaye LK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaye LK, Orben A, Ellis DA, Hunter SC, Houghton S. The conceptual and methodological mayhem of \u201cscreen time.\u201d Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(10):3661. doi:10.3390\/ijerph17103661"},{"issue":"3","key":"r49","series-title":"Can J Behav Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1037\/cbs0000215","article-title":"Physically isolated but socially connected: psychological adjustment and stress among adolescents during the initial COVID-19 crisis","volume":"52","author":"Ellis WE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ellis WE, Dumas TM, Forbes LM. Physically isolated but socially connected: psychological adjustment and stress among adolescents during the initial COVID-19 crisis. Can J Behav Sci. 2020;52(3):177\u2013187. doi:10.1037\/cbs0000215"},{"key":"r50","series-title":"Acta Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2021.103454","article-title":"Loneliness unlocked: associations with smartphone use and personality","volume":"221","author":"MacDonald KB","year":"2021","unstructured":"MacDonald KB, Schermer JA. Loneliness unlocked: associations with smartphone use and personality. Acta Psychol. 2021;221:103454. doi:10.1016\/j.actpsy.2021.103454"},{"issue":"3","key":"r51","series-title":"J Res Adolesc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12658","article-title":"Social disconnection during COVID\u201019: the role of attachment, fear of missing out, and smartphone use","volume":"31","author":"Parent N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parent N, Dadgar K, Xiao B, Hesse C, Shapka JD. Social disconnection during COVID\u201019: the role of attachment, fear of missing out, and smartphone use. J Res Adolesc. 2021;31(3):748\u2013763. PubMed ID: 34448308 doi:10.1111\/jora.12658"},{"issue":"3","key":"r52","series-title":"J Adolesc Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.10.019","article-title":"Prospective association of sedentary behavior with psychological distress among adolescents","volume":"76","author":"Werneck AO","year":"2025","unstructured":"Werneck AO, Hallgren M, Stubbs B. Prospective association of sedentary behavior with psychological distress among adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2025;76(3):408\u2013414. PubMed ID: 39580733 doi:10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.10.019"},{"issue":"1","key":"r53","series-title":"BMC Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01166-7","article-title":"The associations between screen time and mental health in adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Santos RMS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Santos RMS, Mendes CG, Sen Bressani GY, et\u00a0al. The associations between screen time and mental health in adolescents: a systematic review. BMC Psychol. 2023;11(1):127. doi:10.1186\/s40359-023-01166-7"},{"key":"r54","series-title":"Comput Hum Behav Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2024.100404","article-title":"Social media use and adolescents\u2019 mental health and well-being: an umbrella review","volume":"14","author":"Sala A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sala A, Porcaro L, G\u00f3mez E. Social media use and adolescents\u2019 mental health and well-being: an umbrella review. Comput Hum Behav Rep. 2024;14:100404. doi:10.1016\/j.chbr.2024.100404"},{"issue":"1","key":"r55","series-title":"Am Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034857","article-title":"The benefits of playing video games","volume":"69","author":"Granic I","year":"2014","unstructured":"Granic I, Lobel A, Engels RC. The benefits of playing video games. Am Psychol. 2014;69(1):66\u201378. PubMed ID: 24295515 doi:10.1037\/a0034857"},{"issue":"2","key":"r56","series-title":"Psychol Bull","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018251","article-title":"Violent video game effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial behavior in Eastern and Western countries: a meta-analytic review","volume":"136","author":"Anderson CA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anderson CA, Shibuya A, Ihori N, et\u00a0al. Violent video game effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial behavior in Eastern and Western countries: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2010;136(2):151\u2013173. PubMed ID: 20192553 doi:10.1037\/a0018251"},{"issue":"9","key":"r57","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237725","article-title":"Psychological impacts of \u201cscreen time\u201d and \u201cgreen time\u201d for children and adolescents: a systematic scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Oswald TK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oswald TK, Rumbold AR, Kedzior SGE, Moore VM. Psychological impacts of \u201cscreen time\u201d and \u201cgreen time\u201d for children and adolescents: a systematic scoping review. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0237725. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0237725"},{"issue":"4","key":"r58","series-title":"J Mod Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.18502\/jmr.v15i4.7740","article-title":"Correlates of screen time in children and adolescents: a systematic review study","volume":"15","author":"Shalani B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shalani B, Azadfallah P, Farahani H. Correlates of screen time in children and adolescents: a systematic review study. J Mod Rehabil. 2021;15(4):187\u2013208. doi:10.18502\/jmr.v15i4.7740"},{"issue":"4","key":"r59","series-title":"Korean Educ Res Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.30916\/KERA.57.4.101","article-title":"Does delaying school start time change sleep hours and tiredness of Korean adolescents?","volume":"57","author":"Shim J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shim J, Jeon H, Kim K-K. Does delaying school start time change sleep hours and tiredness of Korean adolescents? Korean Educ Res Assoc. 2019;57(4):101\u2013125. doi:10.30916\/KERA.57.4.101"},{"key":"r60","unstructured":"World Health Organization, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Making every school a health-promoting school: implementation guidance. 2021."},{"key":"r61","series-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105437","article-title":"Housing experiences of families with children living in poor and overcrowded housing in Korea","volume":"118","author":"Lim S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim S, Kim H. Housing experiences of families with children living in poor and overcrowded housing in Korea. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2020;118:105437. doi:10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105437"},{"issue":"17","key":"r62","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","article-title":"The health and nutritional status of children (10\u201318\u00a0years) belonging to food insecure households: the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2012\u20132019)","volume":"20","author":"Jung S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jung S, Shin J, Lee M. The health and nutritional status of children (10\u201318\u00a0years) belonging to food insecure households: the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2012\u20132019). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(17):6695."},{"issue":"10","key":"r63","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102080","article-title":"Major stressors among Korean adolescents according to gender, educational level, residential area, and socioeconomic status","volume":"15","author":"Park S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park S, Jang H, Lee ES. Major stressors among Korean adolescents according to gender, educational level, residential area, and socioeconomic status. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(10):2080. doi:10.3390\/ijerph15102080"},{"key":"r64","series-title":"Gender and Class in Contemporary South Korea: Intersectionality and Transnationality","author":"Choo HY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choo HY, Lie J, Nelson LC. Gender and Class in Contemporary South Korea: Intersectionality and Transnationality. vol 4. Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California. 2019."},{"issue":"5","key":"r65","series-title":"Sex Roles","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-008-9400-z","article-title":"When Black\u2009+\u2009lesbian\u2009+\u2009woman \u2260 Black lesbian woman: the methodological challenges of qualitative and quantitative intersectionality research","volume":"59","author":"Bowleg L","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bowleg L. When Black\u2009+\u2009lesbian\u2009+\u2009woman \u2260 Black lesbian woman: the methodological challenges of qualitative and quantitative intersectionality research. Sex Roles. 2008;59(5):312\u2013325. doi:10.1007\/s11199-008-9400-z"}],"container-title":["Journal of Physical Activity and Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jpah\/aop\/article-10.1123-jpah.2026-0045\/article-10.1123-jpah.2026-0045.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jpah\/aop\/article-10.1123-jpah.2026-0045\/article-10.1123-jpah.2026-0045.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T01:31:15Z","timestamp":1793842275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jpah\/aop\/article-10.1123-jpah.2026-0045\/article-10.1123-jpah.2026-0045.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jpah.2026-0045","relation":{},"ISSN":["1543-3080","1543-5474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1543-3080","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-5474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}