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Results show persistent discrimination, identity-related challenges, and heteronormative norms across these levels, while supportive team cultures, inclusive events, and organizational initiatives simultaneously enhance well-being and belonging. The study highlights the need for culturally responsive policies, coach education, and intersectional approaches to promote meaningful inclusion. Limitations include a small number of empirical studies and the underrepresentation of M\u0101ori LGBTQ+ communities. In addition, the file-drawer bias, whereby studies with null or nonsignificant findings are less likely to be published, may further contribute to gaps in the evidence base. Future research should expand evidence across diverse identities and integrate indigenous frameworks to guide culturally grounded, equitable sport participation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2026-0049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:57:22Z","timestamp":1783576642000},"page":"1358-1380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the Rainbow: A Review of LGBTQ+ Engagement in Sport and Physical Activity in Aotearoa New Zealand Through a Socio-Ecological Model"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9100-9849","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Choi Yin","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"10210","key":"r1","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32646-7","article-title":"Out on the pitch: sport and mental health in LGBT people","volume":"394","author":"Callwood D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Callwood D, Smith M. 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