{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:36:37Z","timestamp":1793115397647,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Cycling contributes substantially to public health and sustainable mobility. For children and adolescents, safe participation in active transport depends on the acquisition of age-appropriate cycling competences. Schools offer a unique setting to promote cycling skills with broad and equitable reach. This study evaluates bikepool, a large-scale, school-based cycling program implemented across the German federal state of Hesse.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    A mixed-methods evaluation was conducted using a quasi-experimental pre\u2013post design. Cycling competence changes were measured in secondary school students (N\u2009=\u2009182) with a standardized skills test developed for this study. Self-reported cycling frequency was assessed via questionnaires in an intervention group (n\u2009=\u2009109) and a control group (n\u2009=\u2009112). Subgroup analyses examined whether intervention effects differed by initial skill level.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Students\u2019 safety-related cycling performance improved significantly following participation in the program across most test components. The largest absolute gains were observed among students with the lowest baseline cycling competence. In contrast, participation in the program was not associated with higher self-reported cycling frequency compared with nonparticipating students.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    As a large-scale, school-based program, bikepool can significantly improve students\u2019 cycling competence across several safety-related cycling tasks. However, competence gains alone did not translate into increased cycling frequency, underscoring the need for multicomponent strategies that include supportive social and environmental conditions. Beyond intervention effects, the study points to blind spots in cycling-related physical activity research, particularly the lack of standardized assessments of cycling competence and limited surveillance of children\u2019s ability to participate safely in active mobility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2026-0125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:04:17Z","timestamp":1785931457000},"page":"1661-1671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bikepool\u2014A School-Based Program to Teach Children How to Bike"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1700-1339","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johannes","family":"Brandl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Ricarda-Huch-Schule, Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Trinks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Education Research, Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5243-3042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdurrahim","family":"Aydogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Backhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2645-5877","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heiko","family":"Ziemainz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8686-7013","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karim","family":"Abu-Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Glob Environ Change","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2021.102224","article-title":"The climate change mitigation impacts of active travel: evidence from a longitudinal panel study in seven European cities","volume":"67","author":"Brand C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brand C, G\u00f6tschi T, Dons E, et\u00a0al. 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