{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:02:45Z","timestamp":1790179365533,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Youth sport is increasingly recognized as a platform for fostering physical health and psychosocial development. Yet, the vast majority of existing knowledge stems from research in Western contexts. On the African continent, home to nearly 25% of the world\u2019s youth, studies remain scarce, though emerging literature highlights sport\u2019s transformative potential amid diverse cultural, socioeconomic, and geopolitical realities. This scoping review synthesizes English-language, peer-reviewed research on youth sport across Africa\u2019s five geopolitical regions. Seven shared psychosocial themes emerged: socioeconomic barriers to participation, gender-based inequities, positive youth development and sport-for-development peace outcomes, coaching efficacy and leadership, mental and physical health benefits, globalization and talent migration, and sport tourism and community impacts. Findings demonstrate the sport\u2019s capacity to address local challenges. By mapping shared and region-specific themes, the review offers a comprehensive overview of youth sport knowledge in Africa while identifying key gaps to guide future psychosocial research on the continent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2025-0266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:42:14Z","timestamp":1787154134000},"page":"279-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Forgotten Continent? A Scoping Review of Psychosocial Research in African Youth Sport"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7969-5347","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ayomiposi O.","family":"Aribasoye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6248-2270","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Travis E.","family":"Dorsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8081-0999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leapetswe","family":"Malete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"r1","series-title":"International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.22271\/kheljournal.2023.v10.i5b.3073","article-title":"Psychological skill training to enhance sports performance among undergraduate athletes in Kogi State","volume":"10","author":"Abubakar, N.A.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abubakar, N.A., Oluwafemi, V.B., Babatunde, A.K., & Aliyu, R.O. (2023). Psychological skill training to enhance sports performance among undergraduate athletes in Kogi State. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 10(5), 59\u201365. 10.22271\/kheljournal.2023.v10.i5b.3073"},{"issue":"4","key":"r2","series-title":"Journal of Sport and Social Issues,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1177\/0193723520958341","article-title":"The journey of professional football career: Challenges and reflections","volume":"45","author":"Acheampong, E.Y.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Acheampong, E.Y. (2021). The journey of professional football career: Challenges and reflections. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 45(4), 374\u2013391. 10.1177\/0193723520958341"},{"key":"r72","series-title":"Critical research in football","first-page":"101","article-title":"Street football, periodisation, and migration itineraries and strategies","author":"Acheampong, E.Y.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Acheampong, E.Y., Bouhaouala, M., & Raspaud, M. (2020). Street football, periodisation, and migration itineraries and strategies. In Critical research in football (pp.\u00a0101\u2013123)."},{"issue":"4","key":"r3","series-title":"European Journal for Sport and Society,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1080\/16138171.2025.2498202","article-title":"Sport-intervention programme through education: A model for promoting well-being and social change among young people in low-income communities in Ghana","volume":"22","author":"Acheampong, E.Y.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Acheampong, E.Y., Frimpong, R., Konadu, V.S., & Felder, H. (2025). Sport-intervention programme through education: A model for promoting well-being and social change among young people in low-income communities in Ghana. European Journal for Sport and Society, 22(4), 330\u2013354. 10.1080\/16138171.2025.2498202"},{"issue":"8","key":"r4","series-title":"Soccer & Society,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1080\/14660970.2025.2538785","article-title":"Strategies for sustaining professional careers in European leagues by African male soccer players: Analysis of their migration and mobility experiences","volume":"26","author":"Acheampong, E.Y.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Acheampong, E.Y., Frimpong, R., & Raspaud, M. (2025). Strategies for sustaining professional careers in European leagues by African male soccer players: Analysis of their migration and mobility experiences. Soccer & Society, 26(8), 1316\u20131349. 10.1080\/14660970.2025.2538785"},{"issue":"32","key":"r73","series-title":"African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences,","first-page":"908","article-title":"Trends and tendencies in the facilitation and training of sport and development programmes for the youth: Lessons of experience from African cases: Sport for development","volume":"22","author":"Adom-Aboagye, N.A.A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adom-Aboagye, N.A.A., De Coning, C., Bitugu, B.B., & Keim, M. (2016). Trends and tendencies in the facilitation and training of sport and development programmes for the youth: Lessons of experience from African cases: Sport for development. African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences, 22(32), 908\u2013919."},{"issue":"2","key":"r5","series-title":"Anthropology of Work Review,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/awr.12096","article-title":"Ambivalent precarity: Career trajectories and temporalities in highly skilled sports labor migration from West Africa to Northern Europe","volume":"37","author":"Agergaard, S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agergaard, S., & Ungruhe, C. (2016). Ambivalent precarity: Career trajectories and temporalities in highly skilled sports labor migration from West Africa to Northern Europe. Anthropology of Work Review, 37(2), 67\u201378. 10.1111\/awr.12096"},{"issue":"1","key":"r6","series-title":"International Journal of Social Research Methodology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey, H.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arksey, H., & O\u2019Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19\u201332. 10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"r7","series-title":"International Journal of Behavior Nutrition and Physical Activity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-025-01792-x","article-title":"Health-related outcomes of youth sport participation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Bengtsson, D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bengtsson, D., Svensson, J., Wiman, V., Stenling, A., Lundkvist, E., & Ivarsson, A. (2015). Health-related outcomes of youth sport participation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavior Nutrition and Physical Activity, 22, Article 89. 10.1186\/s12966-025-01792-x"},{"key":"r74","series-title":"European Public & Social Innovation Review,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.31637\/epsir-2026-1984","article-title":"Sport for promoting social inclusion of socially vulnerable youth in Morocco: Case of TIBU Africa","volume":"11","author":"Benreghai, M.A.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Benreghai, M.A., & Bahadj, S. (2026). Sport for promoting social inclusion of socially vulnerable youth in Morocco: Case of TIBU Africa. European Public & Social Innovation Review, 11, 1\u201323. 10.31637\/epsir-2026-1984"},{"issue":"2","key":"r75","series-title":"Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/pac0000463","article-title":"Peace and development indicators in Liberia youth through sport for development programming","volume":"27","author":"Blom, L.C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blom, L.C., Bronk, K.C., Sullivan, M., McConchie, J., Ballesteros, J., & Farello, A. (2021). Peace and development indicators in Liberia youth through sport for development programming. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 27(2), 284. 10.1037\/pac0000463"},{"issue":"1","key":"r8","series-title":"International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2021.1875496","article-title":"The effect of sport-based interventions on positive youth development: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Bruner, M.W.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bruner, M.W., McLaren, C.D., Sutcliffe, J.T., Gardner, L.A., Lubans, D.R., Smith, J.J., & Vella, S.A. (2021). The effect of sport-based interventions on positive youth development: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(1), 368\u2013395. 10.1080\/1750984X.2021.1875496"},{"issue":"1","key":"r76","series-title":"Journal of Sport for Development,","first-page":"4","article-title":"GIZ\/YDF and youth as drivers of sport for development in the African context","volume":"1","author":"Burnett, C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burnett, C. (2013). GIZ\/YDF and youth as drivers of sport for development in the African context. Journal of Sport for Development, 1(1), 4\u201315."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"r9","series-title":"International Review for the Sociology of Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/1012690214539695","article-title":"Assessing the sociology of sport: On sport for development and peace (SDP)","volume":"50","author":"Burnett, C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burnett, C. (2015). Assessing the sociology of sport: On sport for development and peace (SDP). International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 50(4\u20135), 385\u2013390. 10.1177\/1012690214539695"},{"issue":"4","key":"r10","series-title":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.7752\/jpes.2020.04238","article-title":"From policy to practice for school sport: Lessons from South Africa","volume":"20","author":"Burnett, C.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Burnett, C. (2020). From policy to practice for school sport: Lessons from South Africa. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(4), 1754\u20131761. 10.7752\/jpes.2020.04238"},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.1001435","article-title":"Sport-for-employability as an innovative practice in addressing youth underemployment in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"4","author":"Burnett, C.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burnett, C. (2023). Sport-for-employability as an innovative practice in addressing youth underemployment in sub-Saharan Africa. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, Article 1001435. 10.3389\/fspor.2022.1001435"},{"issue":"8","key":"r12","series-title":"Sport in Society,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1080\/17430437.2022.2130051","article-title":"Sport and sustainable social development in Ghana: Analyzing the policy-implementation gap","volume":"26","author":"Charway, D.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Charway, D., Antwi, B.B., Seippel, \u00d8., & Houlihan, B. (2023). Sport and sustainable social development in Ghana: Analyzing the policy-implementation gap. Sport in Society, 26(8), 1319\u20131339. 10.1080\/17430437.2022.2130051"},{"issue":"4","key":"r77","series-title":"International Review for the Sociology of Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1177\/10126902231214955","article-title":"Participation of girls and women in community sport in Ghana: Cultural and structural barriers","volume":"59","author":"Charway, D.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Charway, D., & Strandbu, \u00c2. (2024). Participation of girls and women in community sport in Ghana: Cultural and structural barriers. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 59(4), 559\u2013578. 10.1177\/10126902231214955"},{"key":"r13","series-title":"African journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance,","first-page":"155","article-title":"The impact of football on the socialization of female student-athletes in South Africa: Psycho-social perspectives of sports","volume":"16","author":"Clark, C.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clark, C., & Burnett, C. (2010). The impact of football on the socialization of female student-athletes in South Africa: Psycho-social perspectives of sports. African journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 16, 155\u2013171."},{"issue":"3","key":"r14","series-title":"International Review for the Sociology of Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/1012690210366791","article-title":"The politics of sport-for-development: Limited focus programs and broad-gauge problems?","volume":"45","author":"Coalter, F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coalter, F. (2010). The politics of sport-for-development: Limited focus programs and broad-gauge problems? International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 45(3), 295\u2013314. 10.1177\/1012690210366791"},{"issue":"10(4)","key":"r15","series-title":"African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.46222\/ajhtl.19770720-160","article-title":"Rethinking sport tourism events in a post-COVID 19 South Africa","volume":"10","author":"Daniels, T.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daniels, T. & Tichaawa, T.M. (2021). Rethinking sport tourism events in a post-COVID 19 South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(10(4)), 1241\u20131256. 10.46222\/ajhtl.19770720-160"},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Geoforum,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2012.09.004","article-title":"Moving players, traversing perspectives: Global value chains, production networks and Ghanaian football labor migration","volume":"44","author":"Darby, P.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Darby, P. (2013). Moving players, traversing perspectives: Global value chains, production networks and Ghanaian football labor migration. Geoforum, 44, 68\u201377. 10.1016\/j.geoforum.2012.09.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"r19","series-title":"Journal of Sport & Social Issues,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/0193723507300481","article-title":"Football academies and the migration of African football labor to Europe","volume":"31","author":"Darby, P.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Darby, P., Akindes, G., & Kirwin, M. (2007). Football academies and the migration of African football labor to Europe. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 31(2), 143\u2013161. 10.1177\/0193723507300481"},{"issue":"3","key":"r16","series-title":"Third World Quarterly,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/01436597.2011.573934","article-title":"Mainstreaming sport into international development studies","volume":"32","author":"Darnell, S.C.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Darnell, S.C., & Black, D.R. (2011). Mainstreaming sport into international development studies. Third World Quarterly, 32(3), 367\u2013378. 10.1080\/01436597.2011.573934"},{"key":"r17","series-title":"The Palgrave handbook of globalization and sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-56854-0_27","article-title":"Revisiting sport-for-development through rights, capabilities, and global citizenship","author":"Darnell, S.C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Darnell, S.C., Smith, T., & Houston, C. (2021). Revisiting sport-for-development through rights, capabilities, and global citizenship. In J. Maguire, K. Liston, & M. Falcous\u00a0(Eds.),\u00a0The Palgrave handbook of globalization and sport (pp. 603\u2013626).\u00a0Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057\/978-1-137-56854-0_27"},{"key":"r20","series-title":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2023.102504","article-title":"We know what we know, but from whom did we learn it? A sociodemographic history of participant characteristics and reporting practices in sport and exercise psychology","volume":"69","author":"Dorsch, T.E.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dorsch, T.E., Blazo, J.A., Delli Paoli, A., & Hardiman, A.L. (2024). We know what we know, but from whom did we learn it? A sociodemographic history of participant characteristics and reporting practices in sport and exercise psychology. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 69, Article 102504. 10.1016\/j.psychsport.2023.102504"},{"issue":"1","key":"r21","series-title":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2020.1810847","article-title":"Toward an integrated understanding of the youth sport system","volume":"93","author":"Dorsch, T.E.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dorsch, T.E., Smith, A.L., Blazo, J.B., Coakley, J., C\u00f4t\u00e9, J., Wagstaff, C.R., Warner, S., & King, M.Q. (2022). Toward an integrated understanding of the youth sport system. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 93(1), 105\u2013119. 10.1080\/02701367.2020.1810847"},{"issue":"1","key":"r78","series-title":"International Review for the Sociology of Sport,","first-page":"44","article-title":"\u201cThere is just something about this club. It\u2019s been my family.\u201d An analysis of the experiences of youth in a South African sport-for-development programme","volume":"51","author":"Draper, C.E.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Draper, C.E., & Coalter, F. (2016). \u201cThere is just something about this club. It\u2019s been my family.\u201d An analysis of the experiences of youth in a South African sport-for-development programme. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 51(1), 44\u201360."},{"issue":"2","key":"r79","series-title":"Research Invention Journal of Scientific and Experimental Sciences,","first-page":"109","article-title":"Influence of sports on youths\u2019 mental health in Africa","volume":"3","author":"\u00c9gide Ferdinand, H.","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00c9gide Ferdinand, H. (2024). Influence of sports on youths\u2019 mental health in Africa. Research Invention Journal of Scientific and Experimental Sciences, 3(2), 109\u2013113."},{"issue":"4","key":"r22","series-title":"Ethnic and Racial Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870.2025.2476023","article-title":"\u201cBig, strong, reliable guys who have the legs to run\u201d: racialized stereotypes of the African player and talent development systems in West Africa","volume":"49","author":"Ejekwumadu, I.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ejekwumadu, I. (2026). \u201cBig, strong, reliable guys who have the legs to run\u201d: racialized stereotypes of the African player and talent development systems in West Africa. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 49(4), 745\u2013761. 10.1080\/01419870.2025.2476023"},{"key":"r24","series-title":"Oslo: The Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports","article-title":"Gender, participation, and leadership in sport in Southern Africa: A baseline study","author":"Fasting, K.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fasting, K., Huffman, D., & Sand, T.S. (2014). Gender, participation, and leadership in sport in Southern Africa: A baseline study. Oslo: The Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports."},{"issue":"8","key":"r25","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2011.084905","article-title":"\u201c11 for Health,\u201d a football-based health education program for children: A two-cohort study in Mauritius and Zimbabwe","volume":"45","author":"Fuller, C.W.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fuller, C.W., Dvorak, J., Dorasami, C., DeCelles, J., & Junge, A. (2011). \u201c11 for Health,\u201d a football-based health education program for children: A two-cohort study in Mauritius and Zimbabwe. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(8), 612\u2013618. 10.1136\/bjsm.2011.084905"},{"issue":"8","key":"r26","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.072223","article-title":"Football for health: A football-based health-promotion program for children in South Africa: A parallel cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Fuller, C.W.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fuller, C.W., Junge, A., DeCelles, J., Donald, J., Jankelowitz, R., & Dvorak, J. (2010). Football for health: A football-based health-promotion program for children in South Africa: A parallel cohort study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(8), 546\u2013554. 10.1136\/bjsm.2010.072223"},{"issue":"67","key":"r27","series-title":"Journal of Qena Faculty of Arts,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.21608\/qarts.2025.351998.21548\/3\/25","article-title":"Contemporary sports policies to empower egyptian youth: A field study in red sea governorate","volume":"34","author":"Gabra, N.A.A.E.H.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gabra, N.A.A.E.H., Khedr, M.M., & Elmamon, H.M. (2025). Contemporary sports policies to empower egyptian youth: A field study in red sea governorate. Journal of Qena Faculty of Arts, 34(67), 260\u2013313. 10.21608\/qarts.2025.351998.21548\/3\/25"},{"issue":"47","key":"r28","series-title":"Sport in Society,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.29038\/2220-7481-2019-03-03-09","article-title":"Sport and nation building: A comparison of the United States and South Africa","volume":"3","author":"Gems, G.R.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gems, G.R. (2019). Sport and nation building: A comparison of the United States and South Africa. Sport in Society, 3(47), 3\u20139. 10.29038\/2220-7481-2019-03-03-09"},{"issue":"4","key":"r29","series-title":"Science & Sports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2022.08.002","article-title":"The effects of a soccer season on anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, and soccer skills in North American elite female youth soccer players","volume":"38","author":"Hammami, M.A.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hammami, M.A., Ayed, K.B., Ali, A., Zouita, S., Marzougui, H., Moran, J., Clark, C.C.T., Mekni, R., & Zouhal, H. (2023). The effects of a soccer season on anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, and soccer skills in North American elite female youth soccer players. Science & Sports, 38(4), 401\u2013410. 10.1016\/j.scispo.2022.08.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"r30","series-title":"Health Promotion Practice,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839920914916","article-title":"A scoping review of sport-based health promotion interventions with youth in Africa","volume":"22","author":"Hansell, A.H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hansell, A.H., Giacobbi, P.R., & Voelker, D.K. (2020). A scoping review of sport-based health promotion interventions with youth in Africa. Health Promotion Practice, 22(1), 31\u201340. 10.1177\/1524839920914916"},{"issue":"1","key":"r80","series-title":"South African Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17159\/2078-516x\/2022\/v34i1a13348","article-title":"Sport supplement use among high school rugby players in South Africa: A scoping review","volume":"34","author":"Harmse, B.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harmse, B., & Noorbhai, H. (2022). Sport supplement use among high school rugby players in South Africa: A scoping review. South African Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(1), 1\u20139. 10.17159\/2078-516x\/2022\/v34i1a13348"},{"issue":"3","key":"r31","series-title":"International Sport Coaching Journal,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1123\/iscj.2017-0097","article-title":"Exploring the coach\u2019s role in youth life skills development in Southern Africa","volume":"5","author":"Hilliard, R.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hilliard, R., Huysmans, Z., Clement, D., & Hansell, A. (2018). Exploring the coach\u2019s role in youth life skills development in Southern Africa. International Sport Coaching Journal, 5(3), 237\u2013250. 10.1123\/iscj.2017-0097"},{"issue":"3","key":"r81","series-title":"International Sport Coaching Journal,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1123\/iscj.2017-0097","article-title":"Exploring the coach\u2019s role in youth life skills development in Southern Africa","volume":"5","author":"Huysmans, Z.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huysmans, Z., Clement, D., Hilliard, R., & Hansell, A. (2018). Exploring the coach\u2019s role in youth life skills development in Southern Africa. International Sport Coaching Journal, 5(3), 237\u2013250. 10.1123\/iscj.2017-0097"},{"issue":"13","key":"r32","series-title":"Journal of Sport for Development,","first-page":"15","article-title":"\u201cPutting kids first\u201d: An exploration of the teaching personal and social responsibility model to youth development in eSwatini","volume":"7","author":"Huysmans, Z.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huysmans, Z., Clement, D., Whitley, M.A., Gonzalez, M., & Sheehy, T. (2019). \u201cPutting kids first\u201d: An exploration of the teaching personal and social responsibility model to youth development in eSwatini. Journal of Sport for Development, 7(13), 15\u201332."},{"issue":"1","key":"r33","series-title":"Journal of Nigerian University Games Association,","first-page":"167","article-title":"Sports as an instrument for fostering youth development and strengthening education","volume":"3","author":"Jaiyeoba, O","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jaiyeoba, O, & Omeregie, P.O. (2011). Sports as an instrument for fostering youth development and strengthening education. Journal of Nigerian University Games Association, 3(1), 167\u2013178."},{"key":"r34","series-title":"Journal of Sports Psychology Association of Nigeria,","first-page":"75","article-title":"Psycho-physiological factors as predictors of sport prominence and excellence among student-athletes in southwestern Nigeria","volume":"12","author":"Jaiyeoba, O.M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jaiyeoba, O.M. (2017). Psycho-physiological factors as predictors of sport prominence and excellence among student-athletes in southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Sports Psychology Association of Nigeria, 12, 75\u201387."},{"key":"r82","series-title":"Journal of Positive Psychology and Counseling,","first-page":"166","article-title":"Psychological consequences of sport injury on mental well-being of elite athletes in Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Jaiyeoba, O.M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jaiyeoba, O.M. (2021). Psychological consequences of sport injury on mental well-being of elite athletes in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Positive Psychology and Counseling, 8, 166\u2013180."},{"key":"r35","series-title":"Applied Psychology and Human Performance,","first-page":"1461","article-title":"Psychological and physical factors as predictors of sports injuries among polytechnic athletes in Southwest Nigeria","volume":"6","author":"Jaiyeoba, O.M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jaiyeoba, O.M., & Ajayi, M.A. (2010). Psychological and physical factors as predictors of sports injuries among polytechnic athletes in Southwest Nigeria. Applied Psychology and Human Performance, 6, 1461\u20131474."},{"issue":"1","key":"r36","series-title":"Athens Journal of Sports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.30958\/ajspo.10-1-4","article-title":"The role of resilience on stress and recovery of elite athletes in Nigeria","volume":"10","author":"Jaiyeoba, O.M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jaiyeoba, O.M., Oguntuase, S., Ogunsanya, J.O. & Adereti, A.A. (2023). The role of resilience on stress and recovery of elite athletes in Nigeria. Athens Journal of Sports, 10(1), 57\u201370. 10.30958\/ajspo.10-1-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"r37","series-title":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education Research,","article-title":"Agility, coordination, and speed as a predictor of dribbling & kicking performance in Ethiopian youth sports academy","volume":"12","author":"Kebede, T.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kebede, T., Alemu, F.K., & Bekele, K. (2023). Agility, coordination, and speed as a predictor of dribbling & kicking performance in Ethiopian youth sports academy. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education Research, 12(1), Article 3. ijmer.in.doi\/2023\/01.01.51"},{"issue":"4","key":"r38","series-title":"Sport in Society,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1080\/17430430802019268","article-title":"A new social movement: Sport for development and peace","volume":"11","author":"Kidd, B.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kidd, B. (2008). A new social movement: Sport for development and peace. Sport in Society, 11(4), 370\u2013380. 10.1080\/17430430802019268"},{"issue":"11","key":"r39","series-title":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1080\/1369183X.2025.2462247","article-title":"The promise of empowerment: Football migration brokerage between West Africa and Europe","volume":"51","author":"Kova\u010d, U.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kova\u010d, U. (2025). The promise of empowerment: Football migration brokerage between West Africa and Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 51(11), 2715\u20132733 10.1080\/1369183X.2025.2462247"},{"issue":"1","key":"r40","series-title":"Journal of Human Kinetics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/hukin-2017-0064","article-title":"Perceived hindrances experienced by sports coaches in South Africa","volume":"57","author":"Kubayi, A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kubayi, A., Coopoo, Y., & Morris-Eyton, H. (2017). Perceived hindrances experienced by sports coaches in South Africa. Journal of Human Kinetics, 57(1), Article 233. 10.1515\/hukin-2017-0064"},{"issue":"1","key":"r83","series-title":"South African Review of Sociology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/21528586.2014.989665","article-title":"Sport for development\u2014a systematic map of evidence from Africa","volume":"46","author":"Langer, L.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Langer, L. (2015). Sport for development\u2014a systematic map of evidence from Africa. South African Review of Sociology, 46(1), 66\u201386. 10.1080\/21528586.2014.989665"},{"issue":"1","key":"r84","series-title":"South African Journal of Physiotherapy,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.4102\/sajp.v80i1.2004","article-title":"Sport development in rural schools of Lephalale in Limpopo province: Barriers and facilitators","volume":"80","author":"Letshokotla, T.M.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Letshokotla, T.M., Maleka, D., Galantino, M.L., & Nkuna, R. (2024). Sport development in rural schools of Lephalale in Limpopo province: Barriers and facilitators. South African Journal of Physiotherapy, 80(1), 2004. 10.4102\/sajp.v80i1.2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"r41","series-title":"South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.36386\/sajrsper.v45i3.275","article-title":"High school water polo talent development environments and team cohesion: Performance comparisons and correlations","volume":"45","author":"Madi, L.N.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Madi, L.N., Fahlstr\u00f6m, P.G., & Grobbelaar, H.W. (2023). High school water polo talent development environments and team cohesion: Performance comparisons and correlations. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 45(3), 46\u201359. 10.36386\/sajrsper.v45i3.275"},{"issue":"2","key":"r43","series-title":"PLoS One,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261809","article-title":"Effects of a sport-based positive youth development program on youth life skills and entrepreneurial mindsets","volume":"17","author":"Malete, L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malete, L., McCole, D., Tshube, T., Mphela, T., Maro, C., Adamba, C., Machuve, J., & Ocansey, R. (2022). Effects of a sport-based positive youth development program on youth life skills and entrepreneurial mindsets. PLoS One, 17(2), Article e0261809. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0261809"},{"issue":"1","key":"r42","series-title":"International Journal of Coaching Science,","article-title":"Sources of coaching efficacy in coaches in Botswana","volume":"3","author":"Malete, L.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Malete, L., & Sullivan, P. (2009). Sources of coaching efficacy in coaches in Botswana. International Journal of Coaching Science, 3(1), Article 17."},{"issue":"1","key":"r44","series-title":"International Journal of Coaching Science,","first-page":"40","article-title":"The relationships between coaching efficacy, experience, and behaviors among scholastic coaches in Botswana","volume":"7","author":"Malete, L.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malete, L., Sullivan, P., & La Forge, K. (2013). The relationships between coaching efficacy, experience, and behaviors among scholastic coaches in Botswana. International Journal of Coaching Science, 7(1), 40\u201355."},{"issue":"1","key":"r45","series-title":"Scandivanian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2007.00744.x","article-title":"Using sport to promote HIV\/AIDS education for at-risk youths: An intervention using peer coaches in soccer","volume":"19","author":"Maro, C.N.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maro, C.N., Roberts, G.C., & S\u00f8rensen, M. (2009). Using sport to promote HIV\/AIDS education for at-risk youths: An intervention using peer coaches in soccer. Scandivanian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(1), 129\u2013141. 10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2007.00744.x"},{"key":"r85","series-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1674875","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2025.1674875","article-title":"Indigenous games and physical activity for preventing non-communicable diseases in African communities: public health perspective","volume":"7","author":"Mathunjuwa, M.L.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mathunjuwa, M.L., Ndlovu, P.B., Mazibuko, S., Mukoma, G.G., & Avramov, D. (2025). Indigenous games and physical activity for preventing non-communicable diseases in African communities: public health perspective. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 7, 1674875. 10.3389\/fspor.2025.1674875"},{"issue":"2","key":"r46","series-title":"International Journal of Community Research and Engagement,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5130\/ijcre.v15i2.8207","article-title":"Sparking entrepreneurial tendencies in youth: Lessons from sport and life skills education in three African cities","volume":"15","author":"McCole, D.","year":"2022","unstructured":"McCole, D., Malete, L., Tshube, T., Mphela, T., Maro, C., Adamba, C., Machuve, J., & Ocansey, R., (2022). Sparking entrepreneurial tendencies in youth: Lessons from sport and life skills education in three African cities. International Journal of Community Research and Engagement, 15(2), 1\u201310. 10.5130\/ijcre.v15i2.8207"},{"issue":"3","key":"r47","series-title":"Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education,","first-page":"3","article-title":"Youth experiences of a sports development program in a rural South African context","volume":"7","author":"Motlhaolwa, L.C.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Motlhaolwa, L.C., De Jager, S., Wood, P., & Borresen, J. (2023). Youth experiences of a sports development program in a rural South African context. Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education, 7(3), 3\u20137."},{"issue":"4","key":"r86","series-title":"Youth,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.3390\/youth2040054","article-title":"From sport to work? Exploring potentials in a Moroccan sport-for-employability programme","volume":"2","author":"Moustakas, L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moustakas, L., Raub, V., Moufagued, Y., & Petry, K.M. (2022). From sport to work? Exploring potentials in a Moroccan sport-for-employability programme. Youth, 2(4), 759\u2013771. 10.3390\/youth2040054"},{"issue":"1","key":"r48","series-title":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport,","first-page":"11","article-title":"Traditional African games and sports and their implications for physical education: A Kenyan perspective","volume":"14","author":"Mwisukha, A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mwisukha, A., & Rintaugu, E.G. (2014). Traditional African games and sports and their implications for physical education: A Kenyan perspective. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 14(1), 11\u201317."},{"issue":"4","key":"r49","series-title":"International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics,","first-page":"651","article-title":"Gender and youth engagement in sports for development: Experiences from Central Africa","volume":"12","author":"Nkala, S.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nkala, S. (2020). Gender and youth engagement in sports for development: Experiences from Central Africa. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 12(4), 651\u2013669."},{"issue":"1","key":"r50","series-title":"International Conference on Tourism Research,","first-page":"453","article-title":"Indigenous games as a catalyst for sports tourism development in South Africa","volume":"7","author":"Ntelezi, A.I.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ntelezi, A.I., Bama, H.K.N., & Muresherwa, G. (2024). Indigenous games as a catalyst for sports tourism development in South Africa. International Conference on Tourism Research, 7(1), 453\u2013460."},{"issue":"2","key":"r51","series-title":"South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4314\/sajrs.v30i2.25991","article-title":"Sports tourism event impacts on the host community: A case study of red bull big wave Africa","volume":"30","author":"Ntloko, N.J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ntloko, N.J., & Swart, K. (2008). Sports tourism event impacts on the host community: A case study of red bull big wave Africa. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 30(2), 79\u201393. 10.4314\/sajrs.v30i2.25991"},{"issue":"2","key":"r52","series-title":"Alkebulan: A Journal of West and East African Studies,","first-page":"31","article-title":"Sports as a tool for youth development in the sub-West African region: The challenges and prospects","volume":"3","author":"Nwabuwe, S.N.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nwabuwe, S.N. (2023). Sports as a tool for youth development in the sub-West African region: The challenges and prospects. Alkebulan: A Journal of West and East African Studies, 3(2), 31\u201339."},{"issue":"1","key":"r53","series-title":"African Journal of Sports and Physical Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.62154\/ajsps.2025.04.01015","article-title":"Enhancing physical and mental well-being through comprehensive sports education programs among university students","volume":"4","author":"Nwabuwe, S.N.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nwabuwe, S.N., & Okparavero, A. (2025). Enhancing physical and mental well-being through comprehensive sports education programs among university students. African Journal of Sports and Physical Sciences, 4(1), 82\u201393. 10.62154\/ajsps.2025.04.01015"},{"issue":"4","key":"r54","series-title":"Development Southern Africa,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1080\/0376835X.2024.2320119","article-title":"Towards an integrated framework for sustainable sport tourism development in central Africa","volume":"41","author":"Nyikana, S.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nyikana, S., & Tichaawa, T.M. (2024). Towards an integrated framework for sustainable sport tourism development in central Africa. Development Southern Africa, 41(4), 780\u2013794. 10.1080\/0376835X.2024.2320119"},{"key":"r55","series-title":"Frontiers in Education,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2023.1135084","article-title":"Promoting development of entrepreneurial mindsets of youth in Ghana through a structured sport intervention program","volume":"8","author":"Ocansey, R.O.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ocansey, R.O., Nyawornota, V., Adamba, C., Tay, D., Musah, K., Nyanyofio, O.C., Malete, L., & McCole, D. (2023). Promoting development of entrepreneurial mindsets of youth in Ghana through a structured sport intervention program. Frontiers in Education, 8, Article 1135084. 10.3389\/feduc.2023.1135084"},{"issue":"1","key":"r87","series-title":"Kogi Journal of Education and Pedagogy,","first-page":"116","article-title":"Influence of positive reinforcement and goal setting in enhancing performance in sport among athletes of Kogi State University Anyigba","volume":"1","author":"Olowoleni, V.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olowoleni, V. & Ayodele K. (2020). Influence of positive reinforcement and goal setting in enhancing performance in sport among athletes of Kogi State University Anyigba. Kogi Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 1(1), 116\u2013122."},{"issue":"2","key":"r56","series-title":"International Journal of Development and Sustainability,","first-page":"318","article-title":"Relationships between sports structure satisfaction and perceptions on self-determination theory of sports motivation force in Special Olympics","volume":"1","author":"Omoregie, P.O.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Omoregie, P.O., Obajimi, G.A., & Tetteh-Opai, A.A. (2012). Relationships between sports structure satisfaction and perceptions on self-determination theory of sports motivation force in Special Olympics. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 1(2), 318\u2013330."},{"issue":"4","key":"r57","series-title":"Research Synthesis Methods,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1123","article-title":"A scoping review of scoping reviews: Advancing the approach and enhancing consistency","volume":"5","author":"Pham, M.T.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pham, M.T., Raji\u0107, A., Greig, J.D., Sargeant, J.M., Papadopoulos, A., & McEwen, S.A. (2014). A scoping review of scoping reviews: Advancing the approach and enhancing consistency. Research Synthesis Methods, 5(4), 371\u2013385. 10.1002\/jrsm.1123"},{"issue":"11","key":"r88","series-title":"International Journal of Current Research,","first-page":"471","article-title":"The influence of mass media in socialization into sports of Kenyan secondary school athletes","volume":"3","author":"Rintaugu, E.G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rintaugu, E.G., Mwangi, P.W., & Mwisukha, A. (2011). The influence of mass media in socialization into sports of Kenyan secondary school athletes. International Journal of Current Research, 3(11), 471\u2013475"},{"key":"r89","series-title":"Sport and international development","first-page":"124","article-title":"Dilemmas and opportunities in gender and sport-in-development","author":"Saavedra, M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saavedra, M. (2009). Dilemmas and opportunities in gender and sport-in-development. In Sport and international development (pp.\u00a0124\u2013155). Palgrave Macmillan UK."},{"issue":"1","key":"r58","series-title":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.4100\/jhse.2012.7.Proc1.19","article-title":"The influence of football on the personal development of children in Uganda","volume":"7","author":"Safarikov\u00e1, S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Safarikov\u00e1, S. (2012). The influence of football on the personal development of children in Uganda. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 7(1), S173\u2013S177. 10.4100\/jhse.2012.7.Proc1.19"},{"issue":"1","key":"r90","series-title":"Journal of Sport Management,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1123\/jsm.2014-0263","article-title":"Sport for development: An integrated literature review","volume":"30","author":"Schulenkorf, N.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schulenkorf, N., Sherry, E., & Rowe, K. (2016). Sport for development: An integrated literature review. Journal of Sport Management, 30(1), 22\u201339. 10.1123\/jsm.2014-0263"},{"issue":"2","key":"r59","series-title":"International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2015.1121511","article-title":"Gender differences in HIV related psychological variables in a Tanzanian intervention using sport","volume":"14","author":"S\u00f8rensen, M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen, M., Maro, C.N., & Roberts, G.C. (2015). Gender differences in HIV related psychological variables in a Tanzanian intervention using sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(2), 135\u2013151. 10.1080\/1612197X.2015.1121511"},{"issue":"2","key":"r60","series-title":"South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4314\/sajrs.v31i2.46332","article-title":"Talent identification and development in youth rugby players: A research review","volume":"31","author":"Spamer, E.J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spamer, E.J. (2009). Talent identification and development in youth rugby players: A research review. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 31(2), 109\u2013118. 10.4314\/sajrs.v31i2.46332"},{"issue":"4","key":"r61","series-title":"Contemporary Economic Policy,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7287.2007.00080.x","article-title":"Title IX and the evolution of high school sports in the United States","volume":"25","author":"Stevenson, B.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stevenson, B. (2007). Title IX and the evolution of high school sports in the United States. Contemporary Economic Policy, 25(4), 486\u2013505. 10.1111\/j.1465-7287.2007.00080.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"r62","series-title":"Visions in Leisure and Business,","article-title":"Visions for South African sport tourism","volume":"17","author":"Swart, K.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Swart, K. (1998). Visions for South African sport tourism. Visions in Leisure and Business, 17(2), Article 2."},{"issue":"7","key":"r63","series-title":"Sustainability,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12072725","article-title":"Sports academy as an avenue for psychosocial development and satisfaction of youth athletes in Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Tadesse, T.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tadesse, T., Asmamaw, A., Habtemariam, S., & Edo, B. (2020). Sports academy as an avenue for psychosocial development and satisfaction of youth athletes in Ethiopia. Sustainability, 12(7), Article 2725. 10.3390\/su12072725"},{"issue":"2","key":"r64","series-title":"International Sports Studies,","first-page":"57","article-title":"A comparative analysis of youth sports programs in Botswana and Nigeria","volume":"22","author":"Toriola, A.L.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Toriola, A.L., Adetoro, A.H., Toriola, O.M., & Igbokwe, N.U. (2000). A comparative analysis of youth sports programs in Botswana and Nigeria. International Sports Studies, 22(2), 57\u201373."},{"issue":"7","key":"r65","series-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco, A.C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco, A.C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O\u2019Brien, K.K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M.D.J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E.A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M.G., Garritty, C., Lewin, S., Godfrey, C.M., ... Straus, S.E. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467\u2013473. 10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"issue":"9","key":"r66","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092408","article-title":"The genetic basis for elite running performance","volume":"47","author":"Tucker, R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tucker, R., Santos-Concejero, J., & Collins, M. (2013). The genetic basis for elite running performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(9), 545\u2013549. 10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092408"},{"key":"r67","series-title":"World population prospects 2020","year":"2020","unstructured":"United Nations. (2020). World population prospects 2020."},{"key":"r68","year":"2022","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2022). https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/en\/news\/population\/world-population-prospects-2020.html"},{"key":"r69","article-title":"UNICEF data: Monitoring the situation of children and women","year":"2025","unstructured":"United Nations International Children\u2019s Emergency Fund. (2025). UNICEF data: Monitoring the situation of children and women. https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/how-many\/how-many-children-under-18-are-there-in-africa\/"},{"key":"r70","article-title":"National youth sports strategy","year":"2019","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2019). National youth sports strategy. https:\/\/health.gov\/our-work\/nutrition-physical-activity\/national-youth-sports-strategy"},{"key":"r91","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694548","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.694548","article-title":"Investigating the youth sports development pathway within a South African context","volume":"12","author":"van den Berg, L.","year":"2021","unstructured":"van den Berg, L., Jonck, P., & Surujlal, J. (2021). Investigating the youth sports development pathway within a South African context. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 694548. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.694548"},{"issue":"1","key":"r71","series-title":"Leisure Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/02614367.2017.1383504","article-title":"Exploring the economic, social, and cultural rights of youth leaders working in sport for development initiatives at the grassroots level in South Africa","volume":"37","author":"Van Der Klashorst, E.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Der Klashorst, E. (2018). Exploring the economic, social, and cultural rights of youth leaders working in sport for development initiatives at the grassroots level in South Africa. Leisure Studies, 37(1), 109\u2013116. 10.1080\/02614367.2017.1383504"},{"issue":"2","key":"r92","series-title":"International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2025.2451024","article-title":"Talent development environments in sport in selected African countries as perceived by young elite football players","volume":"24","author":"Waffo, B.T.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Waffo, B.T., & Hauw, D. (2026). Talent development environments in sport in selected African countries as perceived by young elite football players. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24(2), 355\u20133372. 10.1080\/1612197X.2025.2451024"},{"issue":"1","key":"r93","series-title":"Journal of Sport for Development,","first-page":"18","article-title":"Youth, \u201cwaithood,\u201d and social change: Sport, mentoring, and empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"9","author":"Wagstaff, M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wagstaff, M., & Parker, A. (2020). Youth, \u201cwaithood,\u201d and social change: Sport, mentoring, and empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Sport for Development, 9(1), 18\u201331."},{"issue":"2","key":"r94","series-title":"Sports Coaching Review,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/21640629.2017.1361169","article-title":"Barriers to holistic coaching for positive youth development in South Africa","volume":"7","author":"Whitley, M.A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whitley, M.A., Gould, D., Wright, E.M., & Hayden, L.A. (2018). Barriers to holistic coaching for positive youth development in South Africa. Sports Coaching Review, 7(2), 171\u2013189. 10.1080\/21640629.2017.1361169"},{"issue":"3","key":"r95","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching,","first-page":"312","article-title":"Coaches\u2019 perspectives on teaching life skills to underserved South African children and youth","volume":"11","author":"Whitley, M.A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Whitley, M.A., Wright, E.M., & Gould, D. (2016). Coaches\u2019 perspectives on teaching life skills to underserved South African children and youth. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 11(3), 312\u2013326."}],"container-title":["Journal of Sport &amp; Exercise Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsep\/48\/5\/article-p279.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsep\/48\/5\/article-p279.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsep\/48\/5\/article-p279.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:12:59Z","timestamp":1790176379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsep\/48\/5\/article-p279.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsep.2025-0266","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-2779","1543-2904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-2779","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-2904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}}}