{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:41:41Z","timestamp":1790520101618,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"context\"><jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scapular strength deficits have been linked to shoulder dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish normative data on the scapulothoracic musculature in normal subjects using a handheld dynamometer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"design\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Descriptive normative data study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"setting\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Field research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects:<\/jats:title><jats:p>172 subjects with varying levels of overhead activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A handheld dynamometer was used to test the upper, middle, and lower trapezius; rhomboids; and serratus anterior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"main outcome measures\"><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 2-factor ANOVA was performed for each of the muscles by activity level and unilateral ratio by activity-level analyses. Post hoc analysis included multiple pairwise comparisons, using the Dunn-Bonferroni correction method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Activity level did not significantly affect the unilateral ratios: Elevation:depression was 2.5:1, upward:downward rotation was 1.5:1, and protraction:retraction was 1.25:1. A rank order from strongest to weakest was established through significant comparisons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The unilateral ratios along with the rank order should be considered when discussing scapular rehabilitation protocols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.18.4.502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]],"date-time":"2016-08-10T12:27:09Z","timestamp":1470832029000},"page":"502-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Establishing Normative Data on Scapulothoracic Musculature Using Handheld Dynamometry"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nichole","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britney W.","family":"Mobley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Riemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/18\/4\/article-p502.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/18\/4\/article-p502.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T23:09:58Z","timestamp":1653001798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/18\/4\/article-p502.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.18.4.502","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}}}