{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T18:14:52Z","timestamp":1790532892456,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"objectives\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine if sport specialization increases the risk of anterior knee pain in adolescent female athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"design\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort epidemiology study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female basketball, soccer, and volleyball players (N = 546) were recruited from a single county public school district in Kentucky consisting of 5 middle schools and 4 high schools. A total of 357 multisport and 189 single-sport (66 basketball, 57 soccer, and 66 volleyball) athlete subjects were included due to their diagnosis of patellofemoral pain (PFP) on physical exam. Testing consisted of a standardized history and physician-administered physical examination to determine the presence of PFP. This study compared self-reported multisport athletes with sport-specialized athletes participating in only 1 sport. The sports-participation data were normalized by sport season, with each sport accounting for 1 season of exposure. Incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and used to determine significant differences between athletes who specialized in sport in early youth and multisport athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Specialization in a single sport increased the relative risk of PFP incidence 1.5-fold (95% CI 1.0\u22122.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .038) for cumulative PFP diagnoses. Specific diagnoses such as Sinding Larsen Johansson\/patellar tendinopathy (95% CI 1.5\u221210.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .005) and Osgood Schlatter disease (95% CI 1.5\u221210.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .005) demonstrated a 4-fold greater relative risk in single-sport compared with multisport athletes. Incidence of other specific PFP diagnoses such as fat pad, plica, trauma, pes anserine bursitis, and iliotibial-band tendonitis was not different between single-sport and multisport participants (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; .05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early sport specialization in female adolescents is associated with increased risk of anterior knee-pain disorders including PFP, Osgood Schlatter, Sinding Larsen-Johansson compared with multisport athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2013-0101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T13:21:52Z","timestamp":1394630512000},"page":"31-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["Sport Specialization\u2019s Association With an Increased Risk of Developing Anterior Knee Pain in Adolescent Female Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Randon","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim Barber","family":"Foss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Hewett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Myer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/24\/1\/article-p31.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/24\/1\/article-p31.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T23:08:10Z","timestamp":1653001690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/24\/1\/article-p31.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2013-0101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}}}