{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T12:53:26Z","timestamp":1773838406338,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"context\"><jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resistance training is a common form of exercise for competitive and recreational athletes. Enhancing recovery from resistance training may improve the muscle-remodeling processes, stimulating a faster return to peak performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"objective\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the effects of 2 different recovery modalities, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and cold-water immersion (CWI), on performance and biochemical and ultrasonographic measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"participants\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty resistance-trained men (23.1 \u00b1 2.9 y, 175.2 \u00b1 7.1 cm, 82.1 \u00b1 8.4 kg) were randomly assigned to NMES, CWI, or control (CON).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"design and setting\"><jats:title>Design and Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>All participants completed a high-volume lower-body resistance-training workout on d 1 and returned to the human performance laboratory 24 (24H) and 48 h (48H) postexercise for follow-up testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"measures\"><jats:title>Measures:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood samples were obtained preexercise (PRE) and immediately (IP), 30 min (30P), 24 h (24H), and 48 h (48H) post. Subjects were examined for performance changes in the squat exercise (total repetitions and average power per repetition), biomarkers of inflammation, and changes in cross-sectional area and echo intensity (EI) of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis muscles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>No differences between groups were observed in the number of repetitions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .250; power: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .663). Inferential-based analysis indicated that increases in C-reactive protein concentrations were likely increased by a greater magnitude after CWI compared with CON, while NMES possibly decreased more than CON from IP to 24H. Increases in interleukin-10 concentrations between IP and 30P were likely greater in CWI than NMES but not different from CON. Inferential-based analysis of RF EI indicated a likely decrease for CWI between IP and 48H. No other differences between groups were noted in any other muscle-architecture measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results indicated that CWI induced greater increases in pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, while decreasing RF EI, suggesting that CWI may be effective in enhancing short-term muscle recovery after high-volume bouts of resistance exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2013-0113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T13:21:52Z","timestamp":1394630512000},"page":"99-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Comparison of the Effects of Electrical Stimulation and Cold-Water Immersion on Muscle Soreness After Resistance Exercise"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Jajtner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay R.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam M.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip R.","family":"Worts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maren S.","family":"Fragala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/24\/2\/article-p99.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/24\/2\/article-p99.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T23:09:04Z","timestamp":1653001744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/24\/2\/article-p99.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2013-0113","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}}}