{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:51:45Z","timestamp":1791550305146,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Context:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>After ACL reconstruction (ACLR), deficits are often assessed using a variety of functional tests, which can be time consuming. It is unknown whether these tests provide redundant or unique information.<jats:bold><jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>To explore relationships between components of a battery of functional tests, the Lower Extremity Assessment Protocol (LEAP) was created to aid in developing the most informative, concise battery of tests for evaluating ACLR patients.<jats:bold><jats:italic>Design:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>Descriptive, cross-sectional.<jats:bold><jats:italic>Setting:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>Laboratory.<jats:bold><jats:italic>Participants:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>76 ACLR patients (6.86\u00b13.07\u00a0months postoperative) and 54 healthy participants.<jats:bold><jats:italic>Intervention:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>Isokinetic knee flexion and extension at 90 and 180\u00a0degrees\/second, maximal voluntary isometric contraction for knee extension and flexion, single leg balance, 4 hopping tasks (single, triple, crossover, and 6-meter timed hop), and a bilateral drop vertical jump that was scored with the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS).<jats:bold><jats:italic>Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>Peak torque, average torque, average power, total work, fatigue indices, center of pressure area and velocity, hop distance and time, and LESS score. A series of factor analyses were conducted to assess grouping of functional tests on the LEAP for each limb in the ACLR and healthy groups and limb symmetry indices (LSI) for both groups. Correlations were run between measures that loaded on retained factors.<jats:bold><jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>Isokinetic and isometric strength tests for knee flexion and extension, hopping, balance, and fatigue index were identified as unique factors for all limbs. The LESS score loaded with various factors across the different limbs. The healthy group LSI analysis produced more factors than the ACLR LSI analysis. Individual measures within each factor had moderate to strong correlations. Isokinetic and isometric strength, hopping, balance, and fatigue index provided unique information.<jats:bold><jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>Within each category of measures, not all tests may need to be included for a comprehensive functional assessment of ACLR patients due to the high amount of shared variance between them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2016-0126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T18:32:21Z","timestamp":1486665141000},"page":"144-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Relationships of Functional Tests Following ACL Reconstruction: Exploratory Factor Analyses of the Lower Extremity Assessment Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"DiFabio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay V.","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Norte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Goetschius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Hertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31816a86cd","article-title":"Neuromuscular training techniques to target deficits before return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"22","author":"Myer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.09.2.p079","article-title":"A beginner\u2019s guide to factor analysis: focusing on exploratory factor analysis","volume":"9","author":"Yong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tutor Quant Methods Psychol"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.2.11","article-title":"Drop-landing performance and knee-extension strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"50","author":"Kuenze","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0045-6","article-title":"A test battery for evaluating hop performance in patients with an ACL injury and patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction","volume":"14","author":"Gustavsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199307000-00005","article-title":"Fatigability of human quadriceps femoris muscle following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"25","author":"Snyder-Mackler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exer"},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509343200","article-title":"The landing error scoring system (LESS) is a valid and reliable clinical assessment tool of jump-landing biomechanics: the JUMP-ACL study","volume":"37","author":"Padua","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400406","article-title":"Functional analysis of anterior cruciate ligament instability","volume":"14","author":"Tibone","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-014-1992-x","article-title":"Return to play following ACL reconstruction: a systematic review about strength deficits","volume":"134","author":"Petersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23166","article-title":"Quadriceps function relates to muscle size following ACL reconstruction","volume":"34","author":"Kuenze","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-008-0681-z","article-title":"Rotational instability of the knee: internal tibial rotation under a simulated pivot shift test","volume":"129","author":"Diermann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.21","article-title":"Jump-landing mechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a landing error scoring system study","volume":"49","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060143","article-title":"Hop testing provides a reliable and valid outcome measure during rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"87","author":"Reid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3261-5","article-title":"Predictive parameters for return to pre-injury level of sport 6\u00a0months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery","volume":"23","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967113518305","article-title":"Functional performance testing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Abrams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.09.009","article-title":"Factors used to determine return to unrestricted sports activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"27","author":"Barber-Westin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000560","article-title":"Strength asymmetry and landing mechanics at return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"47","author":"Schmitt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exerc"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1995.22.5.202","article-title":"Relationship of knee extensor strength and hopping test performance in the assessment of lower extremity function","volume":"22","author":"Greenberger","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.4194","article-title":"The impact of quadriceps femoris strength asymmetry on functional performance at return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"42","author":"Schmitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"465","article-title":"Isokinetic evaluation of quadriceps and hamstrings symmetry following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"71","author":"Harter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515602016","article-title":"Young athletes with quadriceps femoris strength asymmetry at return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction demonstrate asymmetric single-leg drop-landing mechanics","volume":"43","author":"Ithurburn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670050190","article-title":"A decision-making scheme for returning patients to high-level activity with nonoperative treatment after anterior cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"8","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060143","article-title":"Hop testing provides a reliable and valid outcome measure during rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"87","author":"Reid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.07.021","article-title":"Asymmetries in explosive strength following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"21","author":"Knezevic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0311-9","article-title":"Changes in muscle strength and EMG median frequency after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"98","author":"Drechsler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20472","article-title":"Neuromuscular adaptations and correlates of knee functionality following ACL reconstruction","volume":"26","author":"Bryant","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-008-0681-z","article-title":"Rotational instability of the knee: internal tibial rotation under a simulated pivot shift test","volume":"129","author":"Diermann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199307000-00005","article-title":"Fatigability of human quadriceps femoris muscle following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"25","author":"Snyder-Mackler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exer"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199912000-00001","article-title":"Bilateral deficit of voluntary quadriceps muscle activation after unilateral ACL tear","volume":"31","author":"Urbach","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exerc"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3261-5","article-title":"Predictive parameters for return to pre-injury level of sport 6\u00a0months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery","volume":"23","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670050190","article-title":"A decision-making scheme for returning patients to high-level activity with nonoperative treatment after anterior cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"8","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23166","article-title":"Quadriceps function relates to muscle size following ACL reconstruction","volume":"34","author":"Kuenze","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1123\/att.11.1.31","article-title":"The dynamical-systems approach to studying athletic injury","volume":"11","author":"McKeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Athl Ther Today"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.21","article-title":"Jump-landing mechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a landing error scoring system study","volume":"49","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2009.02.006","article-title":"Single-leg assessment of postural stability and knee functional outcome two years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"52","author":"Zouita Ben Moussa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31816a86cd","article-title":"Neuromuscular training techniques to target deficits before return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"22","author":"Myer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215504cr781oa","article-title":"Assessment of muscle strength and motor fatigue with a knee dynamometer in subjects with multiple sclerosis: a new fatigue index","volume":"18","author":"Surakka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"ref751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1123\/att.14.4.1","article-title":"Cultivating functional variability: the dynamical-systems approach to rehabilitation","volume":"14","author":"McKeon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Athl Ther Today"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515578252","article-title":"Quadriceps strength asymmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction alters knee joint biomechanics and functional performance at time of return to activity","volume":"43","author":"Palmieri-Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00147-3","article-title":"Proprioceptive and behavior impairments in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knees","volume":"84","author":"Bonfim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.07.021","article-title":"Asymmetries in explosive strength following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"21","author":"Knezevic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199601000-00008","article-title":"Stabilometric assessment in the anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee","volume":"6","author":"Shiraishi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1123\/att.14.4.1","article-title":"Cultivating functional variability: the dynamical-systems approach to rehabilitation","volume":"14","author":"McKeon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Athl Ther Today"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509349492","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament-deficient potential copers and noncopers reveal different isokinetic quadriceps strength profiles in the early stage after injury","volume":"38","author":"Eitzen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1998.28.1.23","article-title":"The relationship between isokinetic quadriceps strength test and hop tests for distance and one-legged vertical jump test following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"28","author":"Petschnig","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-29074","article-title":"Impaired ability of voluntary quadriceps activation bilaterally interferes with function testing after knee injuries. A twitch interpolation study","volume":"23","author":"Urbach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1473-5","article-title":"Hop tests correlate with IKDC and KOOS at minimum of 2\u00a0years after primary ACL reconstruction","volume":"19","author":"Reinke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967113518305","article-title":"Functional performance testing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Abrams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1473-5","article-title":"Hop tests correlate with IKDC and KOOS at minimum of 2\u00a0years after primary ACL reconstruction","volume":"19","author":"Reinke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1995.22.5.202","article-title":"Relationship of knee extensor strength and hopping test performance in the assessment of lower extremity function","volume":"22","author":"Greenberger","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2009.02.006","article-title":"Single-leg assessment of postural stability and knee functional outcome two years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"52","author":"Zouita Ben Moussa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199601000-00008","article-title":"Stabilometric assessment in the anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee","volume":"6","author":"Shiraishi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515578252","article-title":"Quadriceps strength asymmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction alters knee joint biomechanics and functional performance at time of return to activity","volume":"43","author":"Palmieri-Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515591258","article-title":"The influence of quadriceps strength asymmetry on patient-reported function at time of return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"43","author":"Zwolski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515602016","article-title":"Young athletes with quadriceps femoris strength asymmetry at return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction demonstrate asymmetric single-leg drop-landing mechanics","volume":"43","author":"Ithurburn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref611","first-page":"465","article-title":"Isokinetic evaluation of quadriceps and hamstrings symmetry following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"71","author":"Harter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1123\/att.11.1.31","article-title":"The dynamical-systems approach to studying athletic injury","volume":"11","author":"McKeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Athl Ther Today"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0045-6","article-title":"A test battery for evaluating hop performance in patients with an ACL injury and patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction","volume":"14","author":"Gustavsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20472","article-title":"Neuromuscular adaptations and correlates of knee functionality following ACL reconstruction","volume":"26","author":"Bryant","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B8.0831104","article-title":"Effects of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament on voluntary activation of quadriceps femoris a prospective twitch interpolation study","volume":"83","author":"Urbach","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B8.0831104","article-title":"Effects of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament on voluntary activation of quadriceps femoris a prospective twitch interpolation study","volume":"83","author":"Urbach","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199912000-00001","article-title":"Bilateral deficit of voluntary quadriceps muscle activation after unilateral ACL tear","volume":"31","author":"Urbach","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exerc"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.09.009","article-title":"Factors used to determine return to unrestricted sports activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"27","author":"Barber-Westin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000560","article-title":"Strength asymmetry and landing mechanics at return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"47","author":"Schmitt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exerc"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515591258","article-title":"The influence of quadriceps strength asymmetry on patient-reported function at time of return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"43","author":"Zwolski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00147-3","article-title":"Proprioceptive and behavior impairments in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knees","volume":"84","author":"Bonfim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215504cr781oa","article-title":"Assessment of muscle strength and motor fatigue with a knee dynamometer in subjects with multiple sclerosis: a new fatigue index","volume":"18","author":"Surakka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509349492","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament-deficient potential copers and noncopers reveal different isokinetic quadriceps strength profiles in the early stage after injury","volume":"38","author":"Eitzen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-014-1992-x","article-title":"Return to play following ACL reconstruction: a systematic review about strength deficits","volume":"134","author":"Petersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.09.2.p079","article-title":"A beginner\u2019s guide to factor analysis: focusing on exploratory factor analysis","volume":"9","author":"Yong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tutor Quant Methods Psychol"},{"key":"ref791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0311-9","article-title":"Changes in muscle strength and EMG median frequency after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"98","author":"Drechsler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2001.31.1.25","article-title":"Electromyographic analysis of quadriceps fatigue after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"31","author":"McHugh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.08.024","article-title":"Functional assessment and muscle strength before and after reconstruction of chronic anterior cruciate ligament lesions","volume":"23","author":"de Jong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.4194","article-title":"The impact of quadriceps femoris strength asymmetry on functional performance at return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"42","author":"Schmitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509343200","article-title":"The landing error scoring system (LESS) is a valid and reliable clinical assessment tool of jump-landing biomechanics: the JUMP-ACL study","volume":"37","author":"Padua","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.2.11","article-title":"Drop-landing performance and knee-extension strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"50","author":"Kuenze","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.08.024","article-title":"Functional assessment and muscle strength before and after reconstruction of chronic anterior cruciate ligament lesions","volume":"23","author":"de Jong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400406","article-title":"Functional analysis of anterior cruciate ligament instability","volume":"14","author":"Tibone","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2001.31.1.25","article-title":"Electromyographic analysis of quadriceps fatigue after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"31","author":"McHugh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1998.28.1.23","article-title":"The relationship between isokinetic quadriceps strength test and hop tests for distance and one-legged vertical jump test following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"28","author":"Petschnig","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-29074","article-title":"Impaired ability of voluntary quadriceps activation bilaterally interferes with function testing after knee injuries. A twitch interpolation study","volume":"23","author":"Urbach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/27\/2\/article-p144.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/27\/2\/article-p144.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T22:27:37Z","timestamp":1658615257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/27\/2\/article-p144.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2016-0126","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]}}}