{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:41:33Z","timestamp":1791225693264,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Context<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> College soccer players suffer from hamstring injuries due to inflexibility and repetitive motions involving intense hamstring lengthening and contraction during sport. Although it is a popular intervention for muscular injury, there exists limited evidence of the effects of therapeutic cupping on hamstring flexibility. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To determine the effect of cupping therapy on hamstring flexibility in college soccer players. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Cohort design. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Setting<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Athletic training clinic. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Patients<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A total of 25, asymptomatic, National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III soccer players (10 males and 15 females; age\u2009=\u200919.4 [1.30]\u00a0y, height\u2009=\u2009175.1 [8.2]\u00a0cm, and mass\u2009=\u200969.5 [6.6]\u00a0kg). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Intervention(s)<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A 7-minute therapeutic cupping treatment was delivered to the treatment group. Four 2-in cups were fixed atop trigger point locations within the hamstring muscle bellies of participants\u2019 dominant legs. Control group participants received no intervention between pretest and posttest measurements. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Pretest and posttest measurements of hamstring flexibility, using a passive straight leg raise, were performed on both groups. Passive straight leg raise measurements were conducted by blinded examiners using a digital inclinometer. An independent samples <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test was used to analyze changes in hamstring flexibility from pretreatment to posttreatment with <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values set a priori at .05. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> An independent samples <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test demonstrated no significant difference in change in hamstring flexibility between participants in the treatment group and those in the control group (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>23<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.961, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.35). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The findings of this study demonstrated no statistically significant changes in hamstring flexibility following a cupping treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2017-0199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T14:41:54Z","timestamp":1516804914000},"page":"350-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Effects of Cupping on Hamstring Flexibility in College Soccer Players"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey G.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah I.","family":"Gard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeana 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