{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:07:18Z","timestamp":1790215638532,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Context<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Core stability is considered critical for the successful execution of rehabilitative and athletic tasks. Although no consensus definition exists, different components related to core stability have been identified. An important component is the domain of motor control. There are few clinical tests assessing the motor control component of core stability (MCCS). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To evaluate the interrater reliability and known-groups validity of a novel test of MCCS, the in-line half-kneeling test. The test is aimed at assessing MCCS by challenging the ability to maintain a static position with minimized contributions from the distal extremities over a minimized base of support. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Cross-sectional group comparison study. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Setting<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Laboratory. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Patients or Other Participants<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A total of 75 participants (25 individuals with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 25 uninjured Division 1 collegiate athletes, and 25 uninjured controls) were recruited from a university community. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Intervention<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Participants were video recorded while performing the in-line half-kneeling test for 120 seconds bilaterally. Three observers independently viewed each video to determine if individuals broke form during each test using 2 dichotomous criteria. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Cohen\u2019s kappa was used to assess interrater reliability, and chi-square tests of independence were used to compare break rates between groups. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Good-to-excellent interrater reliability (.732\u2013.973) was seen between the 3 observers. Chi-square tests of independence revealed different break rates between all 3 groups. Compared to break rate for the reference control group (11\/25\u201444%), those with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction broke at a higher rate (18\/25\u201472%), whereas the uninjured collegiate athletes broke at a lower rate (4\/25\u201416%). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The in-line half-kneeling test is a reliable test between raters that can differentiate between groups expected to differ in MCCS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2018-0031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T18:03:59Z","timestamp":1532455439000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["In-Line Half-Kneeling as a Motor Control Test of Core Stability: Known-Groups Validity and Reliability"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Werner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquin A.","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.2466\/PMS.98.3.1171-1176","article-title":"Dynamic balance in high level athletes","volume":"98","author":"Davlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198504000-00013","article-title":"Biomechanical definitions of spinal instability","volume":"10","author":"Pope","year":"1985","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507301585","article-title":"Deficits in neuromuscular control of the trunk predict knee injury risk: a prospective biomechanical-epidemiologic study","volume":"35","author":"Zazulak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198504000-00013","article-title":"Biomechanical definitions of spinal instability","volume":"10","author":"Pope","year":"1985","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2012.07.007","article-title":"Endurance tests are the most reliable core stability related measurements","volume":"1","author":"Waldhelm","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181cae924","article-title":"Core stability: inter- and intraobserver reliability of 6 clinical tests","volume":"20","author":"Weir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181cae924","article-title":"Core stability: inter- and intraobserver reliability of 6 clinical tests","volume":"20","author":"Weir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12167","article-title":"The influence of athletic status on maximal and rapid isometric torque characteristics and postural balance performance in division I female soccer athletes and non-athlete controls","volume":"35","author":"Palmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-263","article-title":"Inter- and intra-observer reliability of clinical movement-control tests for marines","volume":"13","author":"Monnier","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420036268","volume-title":"Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Procedures","author":"Sheskin","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.2466\/PMS.98.3.1171-1176","article-title":"Dynamic balance in high level athletes","volume":"98","author":"Davlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420036268","volume-title":"Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Procedures","author":"Sheskin","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12167","article-title":"The influence of athletic status on maximal and rapid isometric torque characteristics and postural balance performance in division I female soccer athletes and non-athlete controls","volume":"35","author":"Palmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1994.19.5.282","article-title":"Injury and proprioception in the lower back","volume":"19","author":"Parkhurst","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507301585","article-title":"Deficits in neuromuscular control of the trunk predict knee injury risk: a prospective biomechanical-epidemiologic study","volume":"35","author":"Zazulak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-263","article-title":"Inter- and intra-observer reliability of clinical movement-control tests for marines","volume":"13","author":"Monnier","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22678","article-title":"Evaluation of proximal joint kinematics and muscle strength following ACL reconstruction surgery in female athletes","volume":"32","author":"Noehren","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2012.07.007","article-title":"Endurance tests are the most reliable core stability related measurements","volume":"1","author":"Waldhelm","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1994.19.5.282","article-title":"Injury and proprioception in the lower back","volume":"19","author":"Parkhurst","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22678","article-title":"Evaluation of proximal joint kinematics and muscle strength following ACL reconstruction surgery in female athletes","volume":"32","author":"Noehren","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/28\/4\/article-jsr.2018-0031.xml.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/28\/4\/article-jsr.2018-0031.xml.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T23:03:51Z","timestamp":1653001431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/28\/4\/article-jsr.2018-0031.xml.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2018-0031","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]}}}