{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T10:25:16Z","timestamp":1756463116650},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"Context<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) and functional performance tests are recommended in the National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association\u2019s position statement on the prevention and management of ankle sprains during the return-to-play process. Evaluating perceived confidence may be another valuable method to evaluate an athlete\u2019s readiness to return-to-play following an ankle sprain. Objective<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To evaluate the relationship between PROs and perceived confidence when performing functional performance tasks in high school athletes with a history of ankle sprain. Design<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Descriptive study. Setting<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Public high school. Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> A total of 25 high school student-athletes (6 males and 19 females, age\u200916.2 [1.1]\u00a0y, height 169.3 [7.7]\u00a0cm, mass\u200963.2 [9.8]\u00a0kg). Intervention(s)<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> None. Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Identification of Functional Ankle Instability, and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 were completed by all participants. Participants then completed the weight-bearing lunge test; star excursion balance test; lateral, up\u2013down, and triple hop tests; the single-leg vertical jump; and Southeast Missouri agility test and were asked to report their confidence in completing each task using a VAS with anchors of \u201cno confidence\u201d and \u201ccomplete confidence.\u201d Pearson r<\/jats:italic> correlations were calculated between the PROs and the confidence VAS scores of the functional tests. Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Moderate to strong negative correlations were identified between pain VAS measures and confidence VAS measures for all functional tests except the star excursion balance test and vertical jump. Moderate negative correlations were found between Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 scores and perceived confidence during the star excursion balance test and vertical jump. Finally, a moderate positive correlation was identified between Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool scores and perceived confidence measures during the Southeast Missouri agility test. Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> High school athletes with a history of ankle sprain demonstrated significant correlations between several PROs and perceived confidence during various functional performance tests. The value of perceived confidence measures when making return-to-play decisions after ankle sprains warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2018-0310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T15:44:37Z","timestamp":1571413477000},"page":"795-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Patient-Reported Outcomes and Perceived Confidence Measures in Athletes With a History of Ankle Sprain"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Revay O.","family":"Corbett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler R.","family":"Keith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Hertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref11","first-page":"381","article-title":"Ankle injuries among United States high school sports athletes, 2005\u20132006","volume":"42","author":"Nelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.04.006","article-title":"Return-to-play probabilities following new versus recurrent ankle sprains in high school athletes","volume":"17","author":"Medina McKeon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.3042","article-title":"The ability of 4 single-limb hopping tests to detect functional performance deficits in individuals with functional ankle instability","volume":"39","author":"Caffrey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref321","first-page":"381","article-title":"Ankle injuries among United States high school sports athletes, 2005\u20132006","volume":"42","author":"Nelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502601113","article-title":"Evidence of validity for the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)","volume":"26","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60377-9","article-title":"Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a weight-bearing lunge measure of ankle dorsiflexion","volume":"44","author":"Bennell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.3.08","article-title":"Using the star excursion balance test to assess dynamic postural-control deficits and outcomes in lower extremity injury: a literature and systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Gribble","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.54","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in individuals with chronic ankle instability","volume":"49","author":"Houston","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31827d21fe","article-title":"Epidemiology of US high school sports-related ligamentous ankle injuries, 2005\/06\u20132010\/11","volume":"23","author":"Swenson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738116666813","article-title":"Fear of reinjury in athletes: implications for rehabilitation","volume":"9","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2006.36.3.131","article-title":"Simplifying the star excursion balance test: analyses of subjects with and without chronic ankle instability","volume":"36","author":"Hertel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3181a5ce96","article-title":"Rehabilitation and return to play after foot and ankle injuries in athletes","volume":"17","author":"Hudson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2008.03.006","article-title":"Sensorimotor deficits with ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability","volume":"27","author":"Hertel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967117745788","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117745788","article-title":"Injury recurrence among high school athletes in the United States: a decade of patterns and trends, 2005\u20132006 through 2015\u20132016","volume":"6","author":"Welton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3181a5ce96","article-title":"Rehabilitation and return to play after foot and ankle injuries in athletes","volume":"17","author":"Hudson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.14","article-title":"Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the international ankle consortium","volume":"49","author":"Gribble","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.4.342","article-title":"Functional performance testing in participants with functional ankle instability and in a Healthy Control Group","volume":"43","author":"Buchanan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref541","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref331","first-page":"676","article-title":"Athletic training service characteristics for patients with ankle sprains sustained during high school athletics","volume":"53","author":"Simon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2478\/v10078-011-0019-8","article-title":"Kinesiophobia\u2014Introducing a new diagnostic tool","volume":"28","author":"Knapik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.4.02","article-title":"National athletic trainers\u2019 association position statement: conservative management and prevention of ankle sprains in athletes","volume":"48","author":"Kaminski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.4.342","article-title":"Functional performance testing in participants with functional ankle instability and in a Healthy Control Group","volume":"43","author":"Buchanan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90127-B","article-title":"A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability","volume":"52","author":"Waddell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967117745788","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117745788","article-title":"Injury recurrence among high school athletes in the United States: a decade of patterns and trends, 2005\u20132006 through 2015\u20132016","volume":"6","author":"Welton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.1.09","article-title":"Laboratory measures of postural control during the star excursion balance test after acute first-time lateral ankle sprain","volume":"50","author":"Doherty","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2017-0075","article-title":"Collegiate athletes with ankle sprain history exhibit greater fear-avoidance beliefs","volume":"27","author":"Houston","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516628870","article-title":"Recovery from a first-time lateral ankle sprain and the predictors of chronic ankle instability","volume":"44","author":"Doherty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31827d21fe","article-title":"Epidemiology of US high school sports-related ligamentous ankle injuries, 2005\/06\u20132010\/11","volume":"23","author":"Swenson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90126-4","article-title":"The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain","volume":"17","author":"Price","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.05.022","article-title":"The Cumberland ankle instability tool: a report of validity and reliability testing","volume":"87","author":"Hiller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738116666813","article-title":"Fear of reinjury in athletes: implications for rehabilitation","volume":"9","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516628870","article-title":"Recovery from a first-time lateral ankle sprain and the predictors of chronic ankle instability","volume":"44","author":"Doherty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60377-9","article-title":"Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a weight-bearing lunge measure of ankle dorsiflexion","volume":"44","author":"Bennell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.7514","article-title":"Assessing outcomes in people having chronic ankle instability: the ability of functional performance tests to measure deficits in physical function and perceived instability","volume":"48","author":"Madsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112463347","article-title":"Return to play in athletes following ankle injuries","volume":"4","author":"Clanton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.04.006","article-title":"Return-to-play probabilities following new versus recurrent ankle sprains in high school athletes","volume":"17","author":"Medina McKeon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"676","article-title":"Athletic training service characteristics for patients with ankle sprains sustained during high school athletics","volume":"53","author":"Simon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.54","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in individuals with chronic ankle instability","volume":"49","author":"Houston","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2478\/v10078-011-0019-8","article-title":"Kinesiophobia\u2014Introducing a new diagnostic tool","volume":"28","author":"Knapik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2014.08.002","article-title":"Lower extremity coordination and symmetry patterns during a drop vertical jump task following acute ankle sprain","volume":"38","author":"Doherty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.12.010","article-title":"Pain-related fear contributes to self-reported disability in patients with foot and ankle pathology","volume":"91","author":"Lentz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.12.010","article-title":"Pain-related fear contributes to self-reported disability in patients with foot and ankle pathology","volume":"91","author":"Lentz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.05.029","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the TSK-11: a shortened version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia","volume":"117","author":"Woby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2014.08.002","article-title":"Lower extremity coordination and symmetry patterns during a drop vertical jump task following acute ankle sprain","volume":"38","author":"Doherty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.7514","article-title":"Assessing outcomes in people having chronic ankle instability: the ability of functional performance tests to measure deficits in physical function and perceived instability","volume":"48","author":"Madsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.05.022","article-title":"The Cumberland ankle instability tool: a report of validity and reliability testing","volume":"87","author":"Hiller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.05.029","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the TSK-11: a shortened version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia","volume":"117","author":"Woby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.3.08","article-title":"Using the star excursion balance test to assess dynamic postural-control deficits and outcomes in lower extremity injury: a literature and systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Gribble","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502601113","article-title":"Evidence of validity for the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)","volume":"26","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.3042","article-title":"The ability of 4 single-limb hopping tests to detect functional performance deficits in individuals with functional ankle instability","volume":"39","author":"Caffrey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.4.02","article-title":"National athletic trainers\u2019 association position statement: conservative management and prevention of ankle sprains in athletes","volume":"48","author":"Kaminski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.14","article-title":"Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the international ankle consortium","volume":"49","author":"Gribble","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0755","article-title":"Development of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI)","volume":"33","author":"Simon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"ref231","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90127-B","article-title":"A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability","volume":"52","author":"Waddell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2008.03.006","article-title":"Sensorimotor deficits with ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability","volume":"27","author":"Hertel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.1.09","article-title":"Laboratory measures of postural control during the star excursion balance test after acute first-time lateral ankle sprain","volume":"50","author":"Doherty","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2006.36.3.131","article-title":"Simplifying the star excursion balance test: analyses of subjects with and without chronic ankle instability","volume":"36","author":"Hertel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112463347","article-title":"Return to play in athletes following ankle injuries","volume":"4","author":"Clanton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0755","article-title":"Development of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI)","volume":"33","author":"Simon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90126-4","article-title":"The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain","volume":"17","author":"Price","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2017-0075","article-title":"Collegiate athletes with ankle sprain history exhibit greater fear-avoidance beliefs","volume":"27","author":"Houston","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/29\/6\/article-p795.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/29\/6\/article-p795.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T23:11:42Z","timestamp":1653001902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/29\/6\/article-p795.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2018-0310","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]}}}